Praemer A, Furner S, Rice D: Musculoskeletal Conditions in the United States. Park Ridge, Il; 1992.
Google Scholar
Kawamura K, Chung K: Treatment of scaphoid fractures and nonunions. J Hand Surg Am 2008, 33: 988–997. 10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.04.026
Article
Google Scholar
Novicoff W, Manaswi A, Hogan M, Brubaker S, Mihalko W, Saleh K: Critical analysis of the evidence for current technologies in bone-healing and repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008, 90: 85–81. 10.2106/JBJS.G.01521
Article
Google Scholar
Hadjiargyrou M, Mcleod K, Ryaby J, Rubin C: Enhancement of fracture healing by low intenisty ultrasound. Clin Orthop 1998, 355s: s216-s229. 10.1097/00003086-199810001-00022
Article
Google Scholar
Azuma Y, Ito M, Harada Y, Takagi H, Ohta T, Jingushi S: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasounds accelerates rat femoral fracture healing by acting on the various cellular reactions in the fracture callus. J Bone Miner Res 2001, 16: 671–680. 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.4.671
Article
Google Scholar
Ciombor D, Aaron R: The role of electrical stimulation in bone repair. Foot Ankle Clin 2005, 10: 579–593. 10.1016/j.fcl.2005.06.006
Article
Google Scholar
Gan J, Glazer P: Electrical stimulation therapies for spinal fusions: current concepts. Eur Spine J 2006, 15: 1301–1311. 10.1007/s00586-006-0087-y
Article
Google Scholar
Physio-Stim
[http://www.orthofix.com/products/physio-stim_hip.asp]
SpinalPakII Spine Fusion Stimulator
[http://www.biomet.com/spine/products.cfm?pdid=3&majcid=11&prodid=12]
Osteogen Bone Growth Stimulator
[http://www.biomet.com/trauma/products.cfm?pdid=4&majcid=47&prodid=268]
Osteogen Dual Lead Bone Growth Stimulator
[http://www.biomet.com/trauma/products.cfm?pdid=4&majcid=47&prodid=269]
EBI Bone Healing System
[http://www.biomet.com/trauma/products.cfm?pdid=4&majcid=47&prodid=267]
Britghton C, Pollack S: Treatment of Recalcitrant Non-Union with a Capactively Coupled Electrical Field. A Preliminary Report. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 1985, 67: 577–585.
Google Scholar
Aaron R, Ciombor D, Wang S, Simon B: Clinical biophysics:The promotion of skeletal repair by physical forces. Annals New York Academy of Sciences 2006, 1068: 513–531. 10.1196/annals.1346.045
Article
Google Scholar
Aaron R, Ciombor D: Acceleration of experimental endochondral ossification by biophysical stimulation of the progenitor cell pool. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 1996, 14: 582–589. 10.1002/jor.1100140412
Article
Google Scholar
Xu J, Wang W, Clark C, Brighton C: Signal Transduction in Electrically Stimulated Articular Chondrocytes Involves Translocation of Extracellular Calcium Through Voltage-Gated Channels. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009, 17: 397–405. 10.1016/j.joca.2008.07.001
Article
Google Scholar
Wang W, Wang Z, Zhang G, Clark C, Brighton C: Up-regulation of chondrocyte matrix genes and products by electric fields. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2004, 427: s163-s173. 10.1097/01.blo.0000143837.53434.5c
Article
Google Scholar
Zhuang H, Wang W, Seldes R, Tahernia D, Fan H, Brighton C: Electrical stimulation induces level of TGF-B1 mRNA in Osteoblastic cells by a mechanism involving calcium/calmodulin pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997, 237: 225–229. 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7118
Article
Google Scholar
Lorich D, Brighton C, Gupta R, Corsetti J, Levine S, Gelb I, Seldes R, Pollack S: Biochemical pathway mediating the response of bone cells to capacitive coupling. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1998, 350: 246–256. 10.1097/00003086-199805000-00033
Article
Google Scholar
Brighton C, Wang W, Clark C: The Effect of Electrical Fields on Gene and Protein Expression in Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage Explants. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008, 90: 833–848. 10.2106/JBJS.F.01437
Article
Google Scholar
Brown D, Christine K, Showell C, Conlon F: Small heat shock protein Hsp27 is Required for Proper Heart Tube Formation. Genesis 2007, 45: 667–678. 10.1002/dvg.20340
Article
Google Scholar
Berge U, Kristensen P, Rattan S: Hormetic modulation of differentiation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes undergoing replicative senescence in vitro. Experimental Gerontology 2008, 43: 658–662. 10.1016/j.exger.2007.12.009
Article
Google Scholar
Norgaard R, M K, Rattan S: Heat Shock-Induced Enhancement of Osteoblastic Differentiation of hTERT-Immortalized Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006, 1067: 443–447. 10.1196/annals.1354.063
Article
Google Scholar
Tandon N, Cannizzaro C, Choh , Maidhof R, Marsano A, Au H, Radisic M, Vunjak-Novakovic G: Electrical stimulation systems for cardiac tissue engineering. Nat Protoc 2009, 4: 155–173. 10.1038/nprot.2008.183
Article
Google Scholar
Sundelacruz S, Levin M, Kaplan D: Membrane Potential Controls Adipogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PLoS One 2008, 3: e3737. 10.1371/journal.pone.0003737
Article
Google Scholar
Karageorgiou V, Meinel L, Hofmann S, Malhotra A, Volloch V: Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Decorated Silk Fibroin Films Induce Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2004, 71: 528–537. 10.1002/jbm.a.30186
Article
Google Scholar
Karageorgiou V, Tomkins M, Fajardo R, Meinel L, Snyder B, Wade K, Chen J, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Kaplan D: Porous Silk Fibroin 3-D Scaffolds for Delivery of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 In Vitro and In Vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006, 78: 324–334.
Article
Google Scholar
Mauney J, Nguyen T, Gillen K, Kirker-Head C, Gimble J, Kaplan D: Engineering adipose-like tissue in vitro and in vivo utilizing human bone marrow and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells with silk fibroin 3D scaffolds. Biomaterials 2007, 28: 5280–5290. 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.08.017
Article
Google Scholar
Rice W, Kaplan D, Georgakoudi I: Two-Photon Microscopy for Non-Invasive, Quantitative Monitoring of Stem Cell Differentiation. PLoS One 2010, 5: e10075. 10.1371/journal.pone.0010075
Article
Google Scholar
Rice W, Firdous S, Gupta S, Hunter M, Foo C, Wang Y, Kim H, Kaplan D, Georgakoudi I: Non-invasive characterization of structure and morphology of silk fibroin biomaterials using non-linear microscopy. Biomaterials 2008, 29: 2015–2024. 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.049
Article
Google Scholar
Bayan C, Levitt J, Miller E, Kaplan D, Georgakoudi I: Fully automated, quantitative, noninvasive assessment of collagen fiber content and organization in thick collagen gels. Journal of Applied Physics 2009, 105: 102042. 10.1063/1.3116626
Article
Google Scholar
Fassina L, Visai L, Benazzo F, Bennedetti L, Calligaro A, De Angelis M, Farina A, Maliardi V, Margenes G: Effects of electromagnetic stimulation on calcified matrix production by SAOS-2 cells over a polyurethane porous scaffold. Tissue Eng 2006, 12: 1985–1999. 10.1089/ten.2006.12.1985
Article
Google Scholar
Kim I, Song J, Zhang Y, Lee Y, Cho T, Song Y, Kim dK, Kim S, Hwang S: Biphasic Electric Current Stimulates Proliferation and Induces VEGF Productino in Osteoblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 2006, 1763: 907–916. 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.06.007
Article
Google Scholar
Kim I, Song J, Song Y, Cho T, Lee T, Lim S, Kim S, Hwang S: Novel effect of biphasic electric current on in vitro osteogenesis and cytokine production in human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Engineering Part A 2009, 15: 2411–2422. 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0554
Article
Google Scholar
Sun S, Liu Y, Lipsky S, Cho M: Physical Manipulation of calcium oscillations facilitates osteodifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. FASEB J 2007, 21: 1472–1480. 10.1096/fj.06-7153com
Article
Google Scholar
Tsai M, Li W, Tuan R, Chang W: Modulation of osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells by a pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 2009, 27: 1169–1174. 10.1002/jor.20862
Article
Google Scholar
Bielby R, Jones E, McGonagle D: The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Maintenance and Repair of Bone. Injury, Int J Care Injured 2007, 38S1: S26-S32.
Article
Google Scholar
Jahns M, Lou E, Durdle N, Bagnall K, Raso J, Cinats D, Barley R, Cinats J, Jomha N: The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on chondrocyte morphology. Medical and Biological Engineering & Computing 2007, 45: 917–925.
Article
Google Scholar
Rice W, Kaplan D, Georgakoudi I: Quantitative biomarkers of stem cell differentiation based on intrinsic two-photon excited fluorescence. J Biomed Opt 2007, 12: 060504. 10.1117/1.2823019
Article
Google Scholar
Dube J, Methot S, Moulin V, Goulet D, Bourdage M, Auger F, Germain L: External Electric fields induce morphological changes on human skin cells cultured in vitro. USRI 2005.
Google Scholar
Sun S, Titushkin I, Cho M: Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Adhesion and Orientation in 3D Collagen Scaffold by Electrical Stimulus. Bioelectrochemistry 2006, 69: 133–141. 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2005.11.007
Article
Google Scholar
Panagopoulos D, Karabarbounis A, Margaritis L: Mechanism for action of electromagnetic fields on cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002, 298: 95–102. 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02393-8
Article
Google Scholar
Panagopoulos D, Messini N, Karabarbounis A, Philippetis A, Margaritis L: A mechanism for action of oscillating electric fields on cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000, 272: 634–640. 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2746
Article
Google Scholar
Tsai M, Chang W, Chang K, Hou R, Wu T: Pulsed electromagnetic fields affect osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in bone tissue engineering. Bioelectromagnetics 2007, 28: 519–528. 10.1002/bem.20336
Article
Google Scholar
Jakob U, Gaestel M, Engel K, Buchner J: Small heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones. J Biol Chem 1993, 268: 1517–1520.
Google Scholar
Gong B, Asimakis G, Chen Z, Albrecht T, Boor P, Pappas T, Bell B, Motamedi M: Whole-body hyperthermia induces up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor accompanied by neovascularization in cardiac tissue. Life Sciences 2006, 79: 1781–1788. 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.06.025
Article
Google Scholar
Kubo T, Arai Y, Takahashi K, Ikeda T, Ohashi S, Kitajima I, Mazda O, Takigawa M, Imanishi J, Hirasawa Y: Expression of transduced HSP70 gene protects chondrocytes from stress. J Rheumatol 2001, 28: 330–335.
Google Scholar
Laubitz D, Jankowska A, Sikora A, Wolinski J, Zabielski R, Grzesiuk E: Gut Myoelectrical activity induces heat shock response in Escherichia coli and Caco-2 Cells. Experimental Physiology 2006, 91: 867–875. 10.1113/expphysiol.2006.033365
Article
Google Scholar
Shui C, Scutt A: Mild heat shock induces proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization in human bone marrow stromal cells and Mg-63 cells in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 2001, 16: 731–741. 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.4.731
Article
Google Scholar
Georgakoudi I, Rice W, Hronik-Tupaj M, Kaplan D: Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging for the Non-Invasive Evaluation of Engineered Tissues. Tissue Engineering Part A 2008, 14: 321–340. 10.1089/ten.teb.2008.0248
Article
Google Scholar
Rice W, Kaplan D, Georgakoudi I: Quantitative biomarkers of stem cell differentiation based on intrinsic two-photon excited fluorescence. Book Quantitative biomarkers of stem cell differentiation based on intrinsic two-photon excited fluorescence 2007, 12: 060504. City
Google Scholar
Levitt J, Hunter M, Mujat C, McLaughlin-Drubin M, Munger K, Georgakoudi I: Diagnostic cellular organization features extraced from autofluorescence images. Optics Letters 2007, 32: 3305–3307. 10.1364/OL.32.003305
Article
Google Scholar
Walker D, Wright N: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Spinal Fusion. Neurosurg Focus 2002, 13: 1–13. 10.3171/foc.2002.13.6.4
Article
Google Scholar
Qi H, Aguiar D, Williams S, La Pean A, Pan W, Verfaillie C: Identification of genes responsible for osteoblast differentiation from human mesodermal progenitor cells. PNAS 2003, 100: 3305–3310. 10.1073/pnas.0532693100
Article
Google Scholar
BMP Pathway
[http://www.qiagen.com/geneglobe/pathwayview.aspx?pathwayID=65]
Raucci A, Bellosta P, Grassi R, Basilico C, Manuskhani A: Osteoblast Proliferation or Differentiation is Regulated by Relative Strengths of Opposing Signaling Pathways. J Cel Physiol 2008, 215: 442–451. 10.1002/jcp.21323
Article
Google Scholar
Sauer H, Rahimi G, Hescheler J, Wartenberg M: Effects of electrical fields on cardiomyocyte differentiation of embryonic stem cells. journal of cellular biochemistry 1999, 75: 710–723. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19991215)75:4<710::AID-JCB16>3.0.CO;2-Z
Article
Google Scholar
Gross D, Loew L, Webb W: optical imaging of cell membrane potential changes induced by applied electric fields. Biophysical Journal 1986, 50: 339–248. 10.1016/S0006-3495(86)83467-1
Article
Google Scholar
Aaron R, Boyan B, Ciombor D, Schwartz Z, Simon B: Stimulation of Growth Factor Synthesis by Electric and Electromagnetic Fields. Clin Orthop 2004, 419: 30–37. 10.1097/00003086-200402000-00006
Article
Google Scholar
Wang H, Takayama S, Rapp U, Reed J: Bcl-2 interactinv protein, BAG-1, binds to and activates the kinase Raf-1. Proc Natl Acd Sci 1996, 93: 7063–7068. 10.1073/pnas.93.14.7063
Article
Google Scholar
Reilly G, Golden E, Grasso-Knight G, Leboy P: Differential effects of ERK and p38 signaling in BMP-2 stimulated hypertrophy of cultured chick sternal chondrocytes. Cell Communication and Signaling 2005, 3: 3. 10.1186/1478-811X-3-3
Article
Google Scholar
Mossner D, Morimoto R: Molecular Chaperones and the stress of oncogenesis. Oncogene 2004, 23: 2907–2918. 10.1038/sj.onc.1207529
Article
Google Scholar
Maizels E, Peters C, Kline M, Cutler R, Shanmugan M, Hunzicker-Dunn M: Heat-Shock protein-25/27 phosphorylation by the isoform of protein kinase C. Biochem J 1998, 332: 703–712.
Article
Google Scholar
Matsumoto T, Claesson-Welsh L: VEGF Receptor Signal Transduction. Sci STKE 2001, 112: re21.
Google Scholar
Denhardt D: Signal-transducing protein phosphorylation cascades mediated by Ras/Rho proteins in the mammalian cell: the potential for multiplex signaling. Biochem J 1996, 318: 729–747.
Article
Google Scholar