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Table 1 The average and maximum values of stress concentration associated with tested fixation methods under normal (150 N/mm2) and maximum (750 N/mm2) masticatory forces for zygoma bone, fixation methods, and overall model

From: Stability of different fixation methods after reduction malarplasty under average and maximum masticatory forces: a finite element analysis

ZBFm

ZAFm

Load

Stress

Zygoma bone

Fixation methods

Overall model

Aver

Max

Aver

Max

Aver

Max

LPwZ

3HP

150N

499.760

6272.200

158.200

11,705.000

278.000

11,705.000

750N

2431.300

35,518.000

863.400

59,659.000

1413.300

59,659.000

MT

150N

473.33

5963.5

145.28

7243.5

58.714

7243.5

750N

1520.7

28,791

163.03

2975.3

157.39

28,791

SS

150N

494.290

5008.300

129.200

9886.800

291.960

9886.800

750N

2449.000

85,299.000

660.610

40,412.000

1457.900

85,299.000

LPwM

3HP

150N

271.920

2386.700

191.640

4342.300

185.650

4342.300

750N

1320.300

13,655.000

966.650

29,116.000

924.030

29,116.000

MT

150N

192.620

2484.800

265.530

4377.200

146.000

4377.200

750N

952.090

14,809.000

1325.200

29,441.000

738.600

29,441.000

SS

150N

190.460

2016.500

45.924

630.230

87.192

2261.700

750N

952.280

10,083.000

229.620

3151.100

435.960

11,309.000

LPLS

3HP

150N

215.680

2411.800

62.861

3249.300

103.280

3249.300

750N

1078.400

12,059.000

314.300

16,247.000

516.380

16,247.000

MT

150N

452.800

6913.900

120.410

7964.400

266.480

7964.400

750N

2228.300

42,793.000

508.880

38,255.000

699.500

7081.400

SS

150N

219.230

2095.800

43.506

2818.000

102.420

2818.000

750N

1096.100

10,479.000

217.530

14,090.000

512.120

14,090.000

2LS

3HP

150N

183.210

2164.000

73.198

855.760

127.960

2164.000

750N

916.030

10,820.000

365.990

4278.800

639.800

10,820.000

MT

150N

149.730

1416.300

42.566

222.470

139.900

1416.300

750N

748.660

7081.400

212.830

1112.300

699.500

7081.400

SS

150N

170.700

11,297.000

108.280

3379.100

162.900

11,297.000

750N

853.520

56,486.000

541.420

16,896.000

814.490

56,486.000

RP

3HP

150N

514.460

6526.900

190.540

10,344.000

289.300

10,344.000

750N

2488.000

41,055.000

941.420

53,717.000

1413.000

53,717.000

MT

150N

585.770

6965.000

228.720

8423.500

365.970

8423.500

750N

2901.700

34,086.000

1121.000

28,839.000

1805.500

34,086.000

SS

150N

578.760

17,843.000

171.320

7826.100

324.130

17,843.000

750N

2873.600

168,490.000

901.810

46,250.000

1641.300

168,490.000

SP

3HP

150N

604.100

6564.100

249.600

8650.800

373.580

8650.800

750N

2934.600

38,410.000

1216.800

55,802.000

1817.500

55,802.000

MT

150N

508.290

6632.100

181.550

9107.200

335.010

9107.200

750N

2587.200

37,269.000

936.650

48,460.000

1711.900

48,460.000

SS

150N

474.050

11,878.000

136.580

8936.500

287.750

11,878.000

750N

1277.900

17,383.000

190.020

3103.300

1030.300

17,383.000

  1. The bold values represent the values under the maximum masticatory forces (750 N/mm2)
  2. ZBFm zygomatic body fixation methods, ZAFm zygomatic arch fixation methods, Aver average, Max maximum, LPwZ L-shaped plate with a short wing on the zygoma, LPwM L-shaped plate with a short wing on the maxilla, LPLS L-shaped plate with one long bicortical screw, 2LS two long bicortical screws, RP rectangular plate, SP square plate, 3HP 3-hole plate, MT Mortice–Tenon, SS short screw