Fig. 1

a Identified number of kinematic synergies, b percentages of total VAF (median, 25th and 75th percentiles) with the increasing number of kinematic synergies from 1 to 12, and (c) percentages of joint VAF yielded by the four kinematic synergies for the four groups. The dotted line in (b) shows 90% threshold. Black *S > E > W or H > K > A; otherwise, red *(Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Black #TD > ARDD > AHRDD > CDD; otherwise, red # [Kruskal–Wallis test (Tukey post hoc)]. */#p < 0.05, **/##p < 0.01, ***/###p < 0.001. L/RU: left/right upper limbs, L/RL: left/right lower limbs, S: shoulder, E: elbow, W: wrist, H: hip, K: knee, A: ankle