Table 9 BPV measures and arterial stiffness parameters
Author (s) | Years | Parameters Involved | Experiment Protocol | Association between BPV measure and arterial stiffness parameter | Other findings | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quantitative BPV measure | Arterial stiffness | Quantitative BPV measure | Arterial stiffness | ||||
Novakova et al. [40] | 2005 | Spectral power density at 0.1Hz, SD | Carotid IMT | Continuous measurements of RRI, beat-to-beat SBP and DBP in the sitting position at rest during a 5 min period metronome-controlled breathing 0.33 Hz | B-mode ultrasonography was performed in the supine position on both the right and left common carotid artery Average carotid IMT was determined from 5 measurements | No significant association | Greater IMT and decreased DBP (relative unit) at 0.1 Hz in hypertensive patients compared to normotensive subjects (both measurements in a period of 1 year, 2004–2005) |
Labrova et al. [41] | 2005 | Spectral power density at 0.1Hz, SD | Carotid IMT | Continuous measurements of RRI, beat-to-beat SBP and DBP in the sitting position at rest during a 5-min period metronome-controlled breathing 0.33 Hz | B-mode ultrasonography was performed in the supine position on both the right and left common carotid artery Average carotid IMT was determined from 5 measurements | No significant association | Greater IMT and decreased SBP (relative 0.1Hz power) and DBP (relative 0.1Hz power) in hypertensive patients compared to normotensive subject |
Manios et al. [48] | 2014 | SD, TR | Carotid IMT | Continuous measurements of SBP and DBP for three sequential periods of 5 min each (10 am–12 pm) Spontaneous breathing | mean of the right and left IMT of the common carotid artery, calculated from 10 measurements on each side, taken 10 mm proximal to the carotid bifurcation | Significant positive correlation between carotid IMT and TR of beat-to-beat SBP variation in hypertensive patients | – |
Xia et al. [20] | 2017 | SD, ARV, RSD, VIM | TAC | Continuous measurements of BP, ECG and SV in the supine position for 10Â min Spontaneous breathing | SV/PP | SD, ARV, RSD, VIM of SBPV and DBPV were negatively correlated with TAC in hypertensive population Significant negative correlation between VIM of beat-to-beat SBP and TAC independent of SBP, DBP, age and BMI | Higher SBP, PP and SBPV, but reduced TAC and SV in hypertensive population as compared to the normotensive population. HR, DBP and DBPV indices were not significantly different between the 2 groups |
Jiang et al. [51] | 2022 | CV, multiscale entropy | ba-PWV | Continuous measurements of SBP and DBP in the supine position for 10–15 min Spontaneous breathing | left- and right-side brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity | Significant negative correlation between BP complexity and ba-PWV in hypertensives | Within the hypertensive group, those with a longer duration of hypertension had significantly lower SBP and DBP complexity |