Table 2 Summary of population characteristics and assessment tools

Cunha et al. [34]

1997

–

n = 80 (51 men); age: 49 ± 11 years; untreated, essential hypertension

SBP > 140 mm Hg and/or DBP > 90 mm Hg via sphygmomanometer measurements during 5 different consultations (in 2 months)

1. Finger plethysmograph: SBP, DBP, RRI

2. Transcutaneous doppler flow: cf-PWV

Kosch et al. [35]

1999

n = 15 (7 men); age: 42 ± 2 years

n = 15 (7 men); age: 45 ± 3 years; untreated, essential hypertension

DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg measured in sitting position on 3 different occasions

1. Pneumotrace: ECG and respiration

2. Doppler ultrasound: end diastolic and systolic diameter of the carotid and brachial artery

Lantelme et al. [36]

2002

–

n = 271 (148 men); age: 53.4 ± 12.5 years; untreated (n = 139) and treated (n = 132) hypertension

–

1. Finapres^®: SBP, DBP

2. Standard bipolar ECG: RRI

3. Complior, and self-made device: cf-PWV

Tsai et al. [37]

2003

n = 19 (8 men); age: 40.5 ± 12.9 years

n = 23 (9 men); age: 44.4 ± 10.9 years; untreated, essential hypertension

SBP: 130–159 mmHg and/or DBP: 85–99 mmHg

1. Radial artery tonometry: SBP, DBP, MAP

2. Applanation tonometer: central aortic wave

3. Impedance cardiography: SV and TPR

4. ECG: HR

Siegelova et al. [38]

2004

–

n = 30 (all men); treated, essential hypertension

–

1. Finapres^®: SBP, DBP, RRI

2. Doppler echocardiography: carotid IMT

Chan et al. [42]

2005

–

n = 10 (5 men);

Age: 42 ± 4 years; treated hypertension with ESRD

–

1. Finapres^®: SBP, DBP, RRI

2. B-mode ultrasonography: carotid IMT

Labrova et al. [39]

2005

n = 23 (7 men); age: 44.5 ± 8.1 years

n = 25 (11 men);

age: 47.4 ± 9.2 years; treated, essential hypertension

SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg

1. Finapres^®: SBP, DBP, RRI

2. B-mode ultrasonography: carotid IMT

Labrova et al. [41]

2005

n = 23 (7 men); age: 43.5 ± 8.1 years

n = 25 (11 men);

age: 47.4 ± 9.2 years; treated, essential hypertension

SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg

1. Finapres^®: SBP, DBP, RRI

2. B-mode ultrasonography: carotid IMT

Novakova et al. [40]

2005

n = 15 (6 men); age: 44 ± 9 years

n = 25 (10 men);

age: 49 ± 10 years; treated, essential hypertension

SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg

1. Finapres^®: SBP, DBP, RRI

2. B-mode ultrasonography: carotid IMT

Honzikova et al. [43]

2006

n = 23; age: 44.1 ± 8.1 years

n = 27;

age: 47.2 ± 8.7 years; treated, essential hypertension

–

1. Finapres^®: SBP, DBP, RRI

2. B-mode ultrasonography: carotid IMT

Michas et al. [44]

2012

n = 34 (35.3% men); age: 50 ± 12 years

n = 126 (49.2% men);

age: 53 ± 9 years; untreated, essential hypertension

SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg

1. ECG: RRI

2. Finometer^®: SBP, DBP

3. Complior: cf-PWV

Celovska et al. [45]

2012

–

n = 26 (15 men);

treated hypertension with history of ischemic stroke

age: 66 ± 10 years

n = 30 (17 men);

treated essential hypertension (without stroke)

age: 65 ± 6 years

–

1. Collin^® CBM-700 monitor: SBP, DBP, RRI

2. Duplex ultrasonography: common carotid and carotid bulb IMT

Tikkakoski et al. [46]

2013

n = 232 (38% men); age: 42 ± 12 years

n = 155 (55% men); age: 49 ± 11 years; untreated, essential hypertension

supine laboratory BP ≥ 135/85 mmHg

1. Radial artery tonometer: SBP, DBP, MAP

2. SphygmoCor^® pulse wave analysis system: central aortic wave (aortic PP, AIx)

3. Whole body impedance cardiography device: HR, SV, CO, PWV

Okada et al. [47]

2013

n = 30 (15 men); age: 68 ± 1 year

n = 40 (20 men); age: 68 ± 1 year; untreated, essential hypertension ; *antihypertensive drugs stopped for 2 weeks prior for treated patients

awake 24 h ambulatory SBP: 135–159 and/or awake 24 h ambulatory DBP: 85–99 mmHg

1. Finger plethysmograph: SBP, DBP, MAP

2. ECG: HR

3. SphygmoCor^®: cfPWV

Manios et al. [48]

2014

n = 40 (30% men); age: 54 ± 11 years

n = 45 (53% men);

age: 54 ± 9 years; untreated, essential hypertension

24-h BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg

1. Finometer: SBP, DBP

2. Ultrasound: carotid IMT

Xia et al. [20]

2017

n = 80 (44 men); age: 49.5 ± 11.5 years

n = 81 (42 men);

age: 56.7 ± 10.1 years;

hypertension

SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg

Finometer: SBP, DBP, ECG, SV

Celovska et al. [49]

2017

–

n = 20 (10 men); high normal BP (untreated, prehypertension); age: 59 ± 8 years

n = 20 (10 men) essential, treated hypertension age: 61 ± 13 years

high normal BP range: 130–139/85–89 mmHg; Hypertension: BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg

1. Collin^® CBM-700 monitor: SBP, DBP, RRI

2. Duplex ultrasonography: common carotid and carotid bulb IMT

Koletsos et al. [50]

2019

n = 28 (57.1% men); age: 43.8 ± 13.0 years

n = 31 (51.6% men);

age: 47.6 ± 7.0 year; untreated, newly diagnosed essential hypertension

n = 27 (59.3 men); age: 47.5 ± 11.6 years; masked hypertensives

Office BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg and daytime ABPM ≥ 135/85 mmHg

1. Finapres^®: SBP, DBP, HR

2. Ultrasound: carotid IMT

3. SphygmoCor^®: cf-PWV, AIx

Jiang et al. [51]

2022

n = 153 (79 men); age: 69.8 ± 8 years

n = 247 (142 men); age: 72.2 ± 8.2 years; treated hypertension

SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg

1. Finapres^® PRO: SBP, DBP

2. Omron^®: brachial–ankle PWV (baPWV)