Table 1 Descriptions of LUS morphologies

Pleural line

Hyperechoic line that represents the junction of the visceral and the

parietal pleura.

A-lines

Represent reverberation artifacts and appear a horizontal, equidistant

parallel lines.

Separate B-lines

B-lines are vertical line artifacts that extend from the pleural line to the

bottom of an LUS image. Separate B-lines indicate thickened

interlobular septa in the lungs, and their intensity is correlated

with the amount of fluid inflammation present in the lungs.

The presence of multiple distinct B-lines could signify interstitial

lung disease.

Coalescent B-lines

Coalescent B-lines are characteristic of alveolar-interstitial syndrome.

Coalescent B-lines form due to the fusion of separate B-lines.

Consolidation

The presence of hypoechoic areas surrounded by hyperechoic short line

and irregular or absent pleural lines. Indicates areas of pneumonia or atelectasis.

Lung sliding

The back-and-forth sliding of the pleural line with respiration.