Fig. 5

DCA curve of clinical application assessment for a the training cohort, b the internal test cohort, and c the external test cohort. The x-axis shows the threshold probability, and the y-axis measures the net benefit. The gray line and the black line indicate that all patients receive the “all treatment” or “no treatment” strategy, respectively. The red line indicating the radiomics model; the blue line the clinical model; the green line the radiomics–clinical