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Table 2 The clinical and radiological features of patients in the histological classifications

From: Multi-classification model incorporating radiomics and clinic-radiological features for predicting invasiveness and differentiation of pulmonary adenocarcinoma nodules

Variable

 

Total

(n = 500)

AIS

(n = 97)

MIA

(n = 139)

WIAC

(n = 99)

MIAC

(n = 84)

PIAC

(n = 81)

p

Gender, n (%)

Male

201 (40)

31 (32)

46 (33)

38 (38)

33 (39)

51 (63)

 < 0.001*

female

299 (60)

66 (68)

91 (65)

61 (62)

51 (61)

30 (37)

 

Smoking history, n (%)

No

384 (77)

86 (89)

116 (83)

76 (77)

62 (74)

44 (54)

 < 0.001*

Yes

116 (23)

11 (11)

23 (17)

23 (23)

22 (26)

37 (46)

 

Hypertension, n (%)

No

308 (62)

69 (71)

93 (67)

54 (55)

48 (57)

44 (54)

0.041*

Yes

192 (38)

28 (29)

46 (33)

45 (45)

36 (43)

37 (46)

 

Diabetes, n (%)

No

427 (85)

85 (88)

119 (86)

84 (85)

71 (85)

68 (84)

0.963

Yes

73 (15)

12 (12)

20 (14)

15 (15)

13 (15)

13 (16)

 

History of tumor, n (%)

No

462 (92)

88 (91)

127 (91)

97 (98)

76 (90)

74 (91)

0.235

Yes

38 (8)

9 (9)

12 (9)

2 (2)

8 (10)

7 (9)

 

Nodule involved lobe, n (%)

RUL

187 (37)

40 (41)

42 (30)

45 (45)

28 (33)

32 (40)

0.218

RML

31 (6)

8 (8)

7 (5)

3 (3)

7 (8)

6 (7)

 

RLL

93 (19)

22 (23)

24 (17)

18 (18)

14 (17)

15 (19)

 

LUL

108 (22)

12 (12)

41 (29)

21 (21)

17 (20)

17 (21)

 

LLL

81 (16)

15 (15)

25 (18)

12 (12)

18 (21)

11 (14)

 

Age, median (Q1,Q3)

 

59(52, 67)

55(48, 59)

57(50, 64)

64(58, 70)

62(55, 68)

65(59, 70)

 < 0.001§

Boundary, n (%)

Ill-defined

109 (22)

36 (37)

29 (21)

21 (21)

13 (15)

10 (12)

 < 0.001*

Well-defined

391 (78)

61 (63)

110 (79)

78 (79)

71 (85)

71 (88)

 

Lobulation sign, n (%)

No

371 (74)

91 (94)

134 (96)

73 (74)

46 (55)

27 (33)

 < 0.001*

Yes

129 (26)

6 (6)

5 (4)

26 (26)

38 (45)

54 (67)

 

Bronchial cut-off sign, n (%)

No

461 (92)

97 (100)

139 (100)

96 (97)

77 (92)

52 (64)

 < 0.001*

Yes

39 (8)

0 (0)

0 (0)

3 (3)

7 (8)

29 (36)

 

Speculation sign, n (%)

No

373 (75)

91 (94)

128 (92)

76 (77)

42 (50)

36 (44)

 < 0.001*

Yes

127 (25)

6 (6)

11 (8)

23 (23)

42 (50)

45 (56)

 

Vacuole sign, n (%)

No

389 (78)

85 (88)

122 (88)

73 (74)

61 (73)

48 (59)

 < 0.001*

Yes

111 (22)

12 (12)

17 (12)

26 (26)

23 (27)

33 (41)

 

Air bronchogram sign, n (%)

No

397 (79)

87 (90)

126 (91)

77 (78)

56 (67)

51 (63)

 < 0.001*

Yes

103 (21)

10 (10)

13 (9)

22 (22)

28 (33)

30 (37)

 

Vascular convergence sign, n (%)

No

413 (83)

97 (100)

128 (92)

83 (84)

62 (74)

43 (53)

 < 0.001*

Yes

87 (17)

0 (0)

11 (8)

16 (16)

22 (26)

38 (47)

 

Pleural retraction, n (%)

No

264 (53)

86 (89)

99 (71)

39 (39)

29 (35)

11 (14)

 < 0.001*

Yes

236 (47)

11 (11)

40 (29)

60 (61)

55 (65)

70 (86)

 

Abnormal vessels within nodules, n (%)

No

326 (65)

69 (71)

110 (79)

45 (45)

51 (61)

51 (63)

 < 0.001*

Yes

174 (35)

28 (29)

29 (21)

54 (55)

33 (39)

30 (37)

 

Nodule type, n (%)

pGGN

166 (33)

69 (71)

74 (53)

19 (19)

4 (5)

0 (0)

 < 0.001*

mGGN

239 (48)

25 (26)

63 (45)

73 (74)

51 (61)

27 (33)

 

SN

95 (19)

3 (3)

2 (1)

7 (7)

29 (35)

54 (67)

 
  1. AIS adenocarcinoma in situ, MIA minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, WIAC well-differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma, MIAC moderately differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma, PIAC poorly differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma, pGGN pure ground-glass nodule, mGGN mixed ground-glass nodule, SN solid nodules, RUL right upper lobe, RML right middle lobe, RLL right lower lobe, LUL left upper lobe, LLL left lower lobe
  2. *p value was calculated with the Mann–Whitney U test < 0.05
  3. §p value was calculated with the Chi-square test < 0.05
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