Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Study | Country | Sample size | Gender (M/F) | Age (y) | Side of lesion (L/R) | Stroke type (I/H) | Time since stroke | Type of VT | Frequency | Amplitude | Duration of each session | Frequency of sessions | Adverse events | Interested outcomes | Measurement time | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[18] Annino et al. 2019 | Italy | 19 | 14/5 | 67.8 ± 8.3 | 9/10 | NA | NA | LMV | 30 Hz | 2 mm | 5 min | 3 d/wk | NA | MAS | 8 wk |  |
|  |  | 18 | 15/3 | 69.4 ± 10.4 | 10/8 | NA | NA | None LMV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
[24] Brogårdh et al. 2012 | Sweden | 16 | 13/3 | 61.3 ± 8.5 | 7/9 | 14/2 | 37.4 ± 31.8 mon | WBV | 25 Hz | 3.75 mm | 5–30 min | 2 d/wk | Mild muscle soreness or muscle fatigue (n = 15) | MAS, TUGT, 6MWT | 6 wk |  |
|  |  | 15 | 12/3 | 63.9 ± 5.8 | 8/7 | 13/2 | 33.1 ± 29.2 mon | Sham WBV | 25 Hz | 0.2 mm |  |  |  |  |  |  |
[19] Caliandro et al. 2012 | Italy | 28 | 20/8 | 57.42 ± 12.79 | 14/14 | 18/10 | 100.71 ± 82.76 mon | LMV | 100 Hz | 0.2–0.5 mm | 30 min | 3 d/wk | No | MAS, VAS, WMFT | 4 wk |  |
|  |  | 21 | 14/7 | 61.85 ± 15.74 | 9/12 | 15/7 | 96.4 ± 66.84 mon | Sham LMV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
[20] Casale et al. 2014 | Italy | 15 | 9/6 | Age range: 48–70 | 12/3 | NA | More than 1 y | LMV | 100 Hz | 2 mm | 30 min | 5 d/wk | NA | MAS | 1 wk, 2 wk |  |
|  |  | 15 | 9/6 | Age range: 54–70 | 14/1 | NA | More than 1 y | Sham LMV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
[21] Celletti et al. 2017 | Italy | 6 | 4/2 | 43 (30–57) | 2/4 | 2/4 | 2.5(2–4) y | LMV | 100 Hz | 0.2–0.5 mm | 30 min | 2 d/wk | NA | MAS, VAS, WMFT, MI | 6 wk |  |
|  |  | 6 | 4/2 | 62.5 (46–69) | 4/2 | 4/2 | 5.5(2–7) mon | None LMV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
[26] Chan et al. 2012 | China | 15 | 10/5 | 56.07 ± 11.04 | 12/3 | 10/5 | 30.40 ± 25.80 mon | WBV | 12 Hz | 4 mm | 5–30 min | 1 session | NA | MAS, VAS, TUGT, 10MWT | 1 session |  |
|  |  | 15 | 11/4 | 54.93 ± 7.45 | 7/8 | 5/10 | 38.87 ± 38.22 mon | Sham WBV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
[22] Costantino et al. 2017 | Italy | 17 | 11/6 | 62.59 ± 15.39 | NA | NA | 37.78 ± 27.72 mon | LMV | 300 Hz | 2 mm | 30 min | 3 d/wk | No | MAS, FMA, VNRS | 4 wk |  |
|  |  | 15 | 10/5 | 60.47 ± 16.09 | NA | NA | 37.78 ± 27.72 mon | Sham LMV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
[27] Dang et al. 2019 | China | 32 | 20/12 | 57.8 ± 8.5 | 14/18 | NA | 6.6 ± 3.6 mon | WBV | 5–15 Hz | 1–6 mm | 30 min | 5 d/wk | NA | MAS, FMA, WMFT | 4 wk |  |
|  |  | 30 | 19/11 | 60.0 ± 9.0 | 12/18 | NA | 8.1 ± 3.6 mon | None WBV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
[28] Lee et al. 2016 | Korea | 15 | 5/10 | 59.20 ± 7.72 | 9/6 | 7/8 | 7.99 ± 4.23 mon | WBV | 5–15 Hz | 1–6 mm | 30 min | 3 d/wk | NA | MAS, FMA, WMFT | 4 wk |  |
|  |  | 15 | 9/6 | 60.24 ± 6.73 | 5/10 | 8/7 | 6.71 ± 3.85 mon | None WBV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
[29] Liao et al. 2016 | China | 28 | 20/8 | 60.8 ± 8.3 | 20/8 | 16/12 | 8.5 ± 5.2 mon | WBV (20 Hz) | 20 Hz | 1 mm | 5–30 min | 3 d/wk | Mild knee pain (n = 1), fatigue (n = 3) | MAS, TUGT, 6MWT | 10 wk |  |
|  |  | 28 | 18/10 | 62.9 ± 10.2 | 19/9 | 16/12 | 8.1 ± 4.2 mon | WBV (30 Hz) | 30 Hz | 1 mm | 5–30 min | 3 d/wk | Fatigue (n = 2) |  |  |  |
|  |  | 28 | 24/4 | 59.8 ± 9.1 | 12/16 | 17/11 | 9.0 ± 4.6 mon | Sham WBV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
[23] Marconi et al. 2011 | Italy | 15 | 9/6 | 63.6 ± 7.6 | 9/6 | NA | 39.9 ± 28.8 mon | LMV | 100 Hz | 0.2–0.5 mm | 30 min | 3 d | NA | MAS, MI, WMFT | 3 d | 1 wk, 2 wk |
|  |  | 15 | 8/7 | 66.3 ± 11 | 8/7 | NA | 40.6 ± 25.1 mon | None LMV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
[25] Tankisheva et al. 2014 | Belgium | 7 | 4/3 | 57.4 ± 13 | 4/3 | 6/1 | 7.71 ± 8.6 y | WBV | 35 Hz & 40 Hz | 1.7 mm & 2.5 mm | 5–30 min | 3 d/wk | No | MAS | 6 wk | 6 wk |
|  |  | 8 | 4/4 | 65.3 ± 3.7 | 4/4 | 5/3 | 5.28 ± 3.6 y | None WBV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |