Table 1 Demographic characteristic and training protocol of the included studies
From: Effects of soft robotic exosuit on ambulation ability in stroke patients: a systematic review
Study | Design | Location | Participants | Type of device | Protocol | Outcome measures (Method) | Follow-up period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Awad et al. (2020) [15] | Non-comparative interventional study | America | N = 36a Mean age = 57 yrs Stroke latency = 7.3 yrs | ReWalk ReStore™ soft robotic exosuitb (Net weight: 5 kg) | 5 training sessions in 1 month (20 min on treadmill and 20 min on ground) | Maximal walking speed (10MWT) | About 1 month |
Shin et al (2022) [16] | Non-comparative interventional study | America | N = 5 Mean age = 46 yrs Stroke latency = 2.7 yrs | ReWalk ReStore™ soft robotic exosuitb (Net weight: 5 kg) | 18 training sessions in 2 months (30 min on treadmill) | Walking speed (10MWT), walking distance (6MWT and 2MWT), Fugl-Meyer scale | About 2 months |
Poydasheva et al. (2016) [17] | Non-comparative interventional study | Russia | N = 14 Median age = 53 yrs Stroke latency = 1.2 yrs | Regent soft exoskeleton complex | 10 training sessions in 2 weeks + Standard stroke rehabilitation | Walking time (10MWT), Fugl-Meyer scale | About 2 weeks |
Awad et al (2017) [19] | Exploratory research | America | N = 9 Mean age = 49 yrs Stroke latency = 4.4 yrs | Soft robotic exosuit (Net weight: 0.9 kg) | Single-session | Maximal walking speed (10MWT), peak dorsiflexion anglec, peak paretic propulsion, energy cost | Only measure immediate effect |
Sloot et al (2022) [20] | Exploratory research | America | N = 8 Mean age = NS Stroke latency = NS | Soft robotic exosuitb (Net weight: 2 kg) | Single-session | Walking speed (5-min walking test), peak dorsiflexion angle c, peak paretic propulsion, energy cost | Only measure immediate effect |
Awad et al (2017) [18] | Exploratory research | America | N = 8 Mean age = 48 yrs Stroke latency = 3.2 yrs | Soft robotic exosuit (Net weight: 0.9 kg) | Single-session | Peak dorsiflexion angle c, hip hiking, hip circumduction, stride length | Only measure immediate effect |
Porciuncula et al. (2021) [13] | Case report | America | N = 1 Patient’s age = 54 yrs Stroke latency = 5.6 yrs | Soft robotic exosuitd | Robotic Exosuit Augmented Locomotion gait training (REAL gait training): 5 training sessions in 5 consecutive days (30 min on treadmill) | Maximal/comfortable walking test (10MWT), walking distance (6MWT), hip hiking, hip circumduction, stride length | About 1 week |
Porciuncula et al. (2019) [12] | Case report | America | N = 1 Patient’s age = 58 yrs Stroke latency = 4.5 yrs | Soft robotic exosuit | 6 training sessions(over 2 weeks) | Walking speed (10MWT), walking distance (6MWT), stride length | About 2 weeks |
Kwon et al (2019) [14] | Case report | Korea | N = 1 Patient’s age = 49 yrs Stroke latency = 10 months | Soft wearable robotic ankle–foot-orthosise (Net weight: 1.54 kg) Plantarflexion 30–70 N Dorsiflexion 50 N | Single-session | Walking speed (9-m walking test), walking distance (6MWT), stride length | Only measure immediate effect |