Application effect of an artificial intelligence-based fundus screening system: evaluation in a clinical setting and population screening

Table 2 The validity of AI for clinical examination

	Sensitivity (%)	FNR (%)	Specificity (%)	FPR (%)	LR +	LR−	Youden index
Normal	94.88	5.12	73.58	26.42	3.59	0.07	0.68
ARMD	92.86	7.14	97.43	2.57	36.13	0.07	0.90
DR	82.35	17.65	99.68	0.32	257.34	0.18	0.82
RVO	100.00	0.00	99.52	4.82	20.75	0.00	1.00
Referable glaucoma	65.45	34.55	93.47	6.53	10.02	0.37	0.59
PM	88.64	11.36	98.48	1.52	58.31	0.12	0.87
Other abnormalities	15.69	84.31	99.81	0.19	82.58	0.85	0.16
All fundus abnormalities	73.58	26.42	94.88	5.12	14.37	0.28	0.68

ARMD age-related macular degeneration, DR diabetic retinopathy, RVO retinal vein occlusion, PM pathological myopia, FNR false negative rate, FPR false positive rate, LR + positive likelihood ratio, LR− negative likelihood ratio

ISSN: 1475-925X