Towards a validated musculoskeletal knee model to estimate tibiofemoral kinematics and ligament strains: comparison of different anterolateral augmentation procedures combined with isolated ACL reconstructions

Table 4 Values of normalised stiffness (K), zero-load length (L₀), and reference strain (ε_r) assumed in the model for each ligament bundle

Ligament	\(K (\mathrm{N})\)	\({L}_{0}\)(mm)	\({\varepsilon }_{r}\)
aACL	3600	32	0.03
pACL	4000	34	0.03
aPCL	4000	34	− 0.05
pPCL	1600	32	− 0.06
aMCL	2000	85	0.02
iMCL	2000	85	0.03
pMCL	4000	56	0.05
aDMCL	2000	58	0.02
pDMCL	1800	57	0.05
LCL	3400	49	0.05
POPL	1900	45	− 0.05
ALL	2700	43	0.05
CAPa	1350	45	0.05
CAPo	1500	43	0.05
CAPm	2000	28	0.05
CAPl	2000	27	0.05
cPT	6000	48	0.01
mPT	6000	47	0.01
lPT	6000	45	0.01

aACL and pACL: anterior cruciate ligament (anterior and posterior bundle); aPCL and pPCL: posterior cruciate ligament (anterior and posterior bundle); aMCL, iMCL and pMCL: medial collateral ligament (anterior, intermediate and posterior superficial bundle); aDMCL and pDMCL: deep medial collateral ligament (anterior and posterior deep bundle); LCL: lateral collateral ligament; POPL: popliteofibular ligament; ALL, anterolateral ligament; CAPa, CAPo, CAPm and CAPl: posterior capsule (anterior, oblique, medial, and lateral bundle); cPT, mPT and lPT: patellar tendon (central, medial and lateral bundle)

ISSN: 1475-925X