Table 2 NRMSE between the IK and FD strains within the ACL, PCL, MCL, DMCL, LCL, and POPL ligaments during passive knee flexion from 0 to 100° with 5Nm IR (internal rotation) torque

Intact

63.8

34.6

20.1^a

13.9^a

33.6

22.1^a

ACL-sectioned

–

32.4

30.1

21.4^a

33.1

20.7^a

ACL-reconstructed alone (ACLR)

63.1

32

29.9^a

19.8^a

35

24.7^a

ACLR combined with anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ACLR + ALLR)

55.6

18.4^a

23.8^a

14.1^a

35.1

23.2^a

ACLR combined with MacIntosh reconstruction (ACLR + Mac)

66.5

24.1^a

24.6^a

16.4^a

42.4

25.3^a

ACLR combined with Ellison reconstruction (ACLR + Ell)

43.6

21.9^a

27.5^a

18.6^a

39.8

27.2^a

ACLR combined with deep-Lemaire reconstruction (ACLR + DL)

47.8

20.1^a

24.6^a

15.9^a

42.1

26.1^a