Table 1 Comparison of tibiofemoral kinematics (tibia relative to the femur) in the intact and ACL-sectioned models between IK and FD methods during 0–100° of passive knee flexion

Intact knee model

 Internal/external rotation

2.7 to 12.5 (range 9.8°)

2.1 to 11.8 (range 9.7°)

0.8° at 30° of knee flexion

 Adduction/abduction

3.3 to 6.4 (range 3.1°)

3.4 to 6.4 (range 3°)

1.7° at 22° of knee flexion

 Anterior/posterior translation

1.3 to 9.3 (range 8 mm)

− 2.6 to 14 (range 16.6 mm)

6.7 mm at 100° of knee flexion

 Proximal/distal translation

2.5 to − 20.3 (range 22.8 mm)

4.5 to − 12.4 (range 16.9 mm)

7.9 mm at 100° of knee flexion

 Lateral/medial translation

− 0.8 to − 5.7 (range 4.9 mm)

− 2.4 to − 5.6 (range 3.2 mm)

2.1 mm at 50° of knee flexion

ACL-sectioned knee model

 Internal/external rotation

3.9 to 13.4 (range 9.5°)

4.9 to 13.6 (range 8.7°)

2.5° at 50° of knee flexion

 Adduction/abduction

2.5 to 6.5 (range 4°)

4.4 to 6.5 (range 2.1°)

3.8° at 20° of knee flexion

 Anterior/posterior translation

1.6 to 11.1 (range 9.5 mm)

− 1.9 to 14.3 (range 16.2 mm)

10.5 mm at 63° of knee flexion

 Proximal/distal translation

− 3.2 to − 24.3 (range 21.1 mm)

− 0.5 to − 17.4 (range 16.9 mm)

6.9 mm at 100° of knee flexion

 Lateral/medial translation

− 0.9 to − 6.2 (range 5.3 mm)

− 2.3 to − 5.6 (range 3.3 mm)

2.55 mm at 54° of knee flexion