Table 4 Percentage errors between measurements and model outputs optimized using the closed-loop model with carotid pressure waveforms. These residual statistics are computed across all individuals, i.e. they are not grouped by individual, but by measurement day. The mean and standard deviations of the absolute residuals are given. Psys is the systolic aortic pressure, Pdia is the diastolic aortic pressure, and SV is the stroke volume, and MVP is the mean venous pressure. pWFx, and qWFx indicates the median value across all measurements for the xth percentile percentage error of the waveform residuals for a single measurement (pWFx for pressure and qWFx for flow)
Pressure | Meas. day | \(P_{\text{sys}}\) | \(P_{\text{dia}}\) | \(\text{SV}\) | \(\text{MVP}\) | pWF\(_{75\%}\) | pWF\(_{25\%}\) | qWF\(_{75\%}\) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[%] | [%] | [%] | [%] | [%] | [%] | [%] | ||
Carotid | All | \( 1.62 \pm 1.71 \) | \( 1.38 \pm 1.36 \) | \( 2.32 \pm 2.38 \) | \( 6.71 \pm 9.13\) | 5.03 | 1.65 | 26.63 |
Carotid | 1 | \( 1.82 \pm 1.6 \) | \( 1.4 \pm 1.34 \) | \( 2.4 \pm 2.06 \) | \( 6.04 \pm 7.74\) | 4.94 | 1.71 | 22.69 |
Carotid | 2 | \( 1.95 \pm 2.09 \) | \( 1.63 \pm 1.69 \) | \( 2.92 \pm 2.81 \) | \( 8.7 \pm 9.96\) | 5.32 | 1.61 | 30.68 |
Carotid | 3 | \( 0.84 \pm 0.9 \) | \( 1.0 \pm 0.69 \) | \( 1.34 \pm 1.88 \) | \( 4.8 \pm 9.76\) | 4.52 | 1.56 | 25.52 |
Finger | All | \( 0.61 \pm 0.79 \) | \( 0.72 \pm 0.91 \) | \( 1.29 \pm 1.54 \) | \( 3.4 \pm 4.21\) | 5.52 | 1.48 | 25.28 |
Finger | 1 | \( 0.61 \pm 0.72 \) | \( 0.74 \pm 0.95 \) | \( 1.39 \pm 1.63 \) | \( 4.15 \pm 5.22\) | 5.3 | 1.46 | 18.7 |
Finger | 2 | \( 0.72 \pm 1.01 \) | \( 0.83 \pm 1.1 \) | \( 1.67 \pm 1.82 \) | \( 3.74 \pm 3.96\) | 5.65 | 1.4 | 30.3 |
Finger | 3 | \( 0.47 \pm 0.54 \) | \( 0.56 \pm 0.6 \) | \( 0.72 \pm 0.85 \) | \( 2.15 \pm 3.03\) | 5.74 | 1.79 | 22.64 |