Fig. 4

The interquartile ratio (IQR) computed for model outputs generated by the closed-loop models, each model instance optimized for one individual. The “Single day IQR” is based on the median IQR values for the model outputs from the variation in parameter estimates for single individuals on any measurement day. The whiskers indicate first and third quartiles. The variation in the best optimized sets of model outputs from individuals over all measurement days are displayed as “Multiple day IQR”. The model outputs based on the final parameter estimates for all individuals in the different data sets yield the “Population IQR”. “F” indicates the data set with finger pressure waveform, and “C” indicates the data set with the carotid pressure waveform. The IQR refers to the difference between the upper and lower quartiles divided by the mean parameter value. \(P_{\text{sys}}\) is the systolic aortic pressure, \(P_{\text{dia}}\) is the diastolic aortic pressure, \(\text{SV}\) is the stroke volume indexed by body surface, \(\text{PP}\) is the aortic pulse pressure, \(\text{MAP}\) is the mean arterial pressure, \(\text{MVP}\) is the mean venous pressure, and \(\text{SW}\) is the left-ventricular stroke work