Fig. 3

Comparison of osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of primary osteoblasts and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) in the control, HA, BCP, and β-TCP groups in vitro. A, B Relative alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of intrascaffold-cultured osteoblasts (A) and BMSCs (B) in the control, HA, BCP, and β-TCP groups on days 7 and 14. C, D Images of rhodamine phalloidin/Hoechst 33,258 staining of intrascaffold-cultured osteoblasts (C) and BMSCs (D) in the control, HA, BCP, and β-TCP groups on day 14. All data points are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 9). *, # indicates P < 0.05; **, ## indicates P < 0.01; ***, ### indicates P < 0.001. Actin cytoskeletons were stained red, and nuclei were stained blue. Scale bar = 100 μm