Fig. 3

Sagittal trajectories of the knee joint by 3D kinematics gait analysis. Top minus bottom height of the left knee marker, indicating fluctuations of the knee joint, during walking in the SNL rats was 1.80 ± 0.32 cm at 1 weeks post-operation and 1.88 ± 0.45 cm at 4 weeks post-operation. These values were significantly different compared with those of the sham left hind-limbs: 1.80 vs. 1.20 cm and 1.88 vs. 1.28 cm, respectively. ^*p < 0.0001 at 1 weeks post-operation and p = 0.03 at 4 weeks post-operation. OP, operation