Fig. 9
From: How muscle stiffness affects human body model behavior
Computation time in percent for all stiffness states compared to the default stiffness state (SFO1). The same comparison regarding keyword and hardware settings and stiffness cases as in Fig. 8 is shown. Error terminations occurred for all simulations with undefined time step before the final termination of 160 ms. Therefore, the final cycles could not be compared regarding computation time, but only the cycle 100,000 (~ 20 ms) and cycle 400,000 (~ 55 ms). Error termination also occurred for the SFO0.5 case (dt2ms − 0.001) after 125 ms due to negative volume error in the transition area between knee and tibia. a Simulation was run on a server with undefined time step in the CONTROL_TIMESTEP keyword. b Simulation was run on an isolated CPU with undefined time step. c Simulation was run on a server with a predefined time-step size of 1 ms achieved by mass scaling