Fig. 4

Demonstration of three UBD-VMR trials of 20 s at 30 mmHg. All trials were controlled with the VPS GUI. a Plot is the stimulus marker function (from VPS) showing 2 V pre-stimulus marker along with 1 V stimulus marker. b Plot of raw EMG (volts) showing bladder distention evoked increase in EMG signal after stimulus start and tapering off of signal at stimulus end. c Plot of pressure (mmHg) read from VPS. d Plot of pressure read from inline analog-to-pressure converter. Initial pressure setting was set using an analog sphygmometer to be at “30 mmHg” connected to an analog air valve. Pressure setting was not adjusted between trials. Plots were matched to pre-stimulus marker