Fig. 5

Phase space reconstruction of AF and NAF. a, c are the 3-D trajectory of AF and NAF, respectively; b and d are the 2-D projecting plant of AF and NAF, respectively. The 2-D projection is denoted as the 2-D rhythm feature, which represents the different variation of the intervals between AF and NAF. And the overall 2-D projection plot will be used as the input of the deep neural network