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Table 1 Error of virtual and real registration based on identification method (mm)

From: Optimization of virtual and real registration technology based on augmented reality in a surgical navigation system

Group

Point

Mark points on the real model

Mark points on the virtual model

Error (mm)

Average error (mm)

X

Y

Z

X

Y

Z

A

P1

45.70

− 25.95

− 1363.48

55.87

− 28.01

− 1361.26

10.61

10.23

P2

47.81

− 0.78

− 1323.44

54.52

− 6.91

− 1324.59

9.16

P3

58.86

48.77

− 1327.13

51.42

46.80

− 1334.29

10.51

P4

69.86

− 24.88

− 1332.28

66.00

− 20.89

− 1341.33

10.62

B

P1

165.24

− 108.11

− 1206.25

160.57

− 104.36

− 1208.38

9.71

9.98

P2

151.02

− 72.56

− 1214.28

156.34

− 69.75

− 1210.33

10.02

P3

135.46

− 28.12

− 1216.35

141.28

− 27.34

− 1222.28

9.86

P4

198.23

− 93.28

− 1208.21

191.29

− 91.34

− 1200.05

10.36

C

P1

− 144.83

− 220.59

− 1500.30

− 139.32

− 225.31

− 1507.44

10.15

8.99

P2

− 143.56

− 219.11

− 1453.06

− 138.04

− 215.58

− 1458.95

8.82

P3

− 111.46

− 186.21

− 1431.23

− 106.91

− 190.55

− 1436.52

8.23

P4

− 132.74

− 245.08

− 1471.85

− 127.87

− 248.28

− 1478.40

8.77

D

P1

196.32

− 86.45

− 1220.78

189.36

− 89.25

− 1214.33

10.06

9.70

P2

169.42

− 48.69

− 1215.68

162.98

− 50.21

− 1209.22

10.02

P3

162.94

− 21.69

− 1250.64

170.75

− 23.12

− 1145.88

9.26

P4

190.32

− 58.96

− 1178.14

182.45

− 54.31

− 1196.34

9.45