Table 1 Data extracted from ex vivo SD studies
From: Characterization of moderate tendinopathy in ex vivo stress-deprived rat tail tendons
References | Model | Culture duration | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
Short-term SD (early tendinopathy) | |||
Arnoczky et al. [5] | Rat, adult, tail tendon | 1, 2, 3 days | Biomechanical No change in maximum stress Histological Cell roundness Immunohistochemistry Increase in MMP-13 expression |
Egerbacher et al. [6] | Rat, adult, tail tendon | 24 h | Biomechanical N/A Histological Decrease in collagen fiber density Immunohistochemistry Increase in MMP-13 expression and MMP-13 protein synthesis |
Egerbacher et al. [42] | Rat, adult, tail tendon | 24 h | Biomechanical N/A Histological Increase in cell apoptosis Immunohistochemistry N/A |
Gardner et al. [7] | Rat, 6 months old, tail tendon | 24, 48, 72 h | Biomechanical N/A Histological N/A Immunohistochemistry Increase in MMP-13 expression |
Long-term SD (advanced tendinopathy) | |||
Abreu et al. [9] | Rat, male, adult, tail tendon | 1 week | Biomechanical Decrease in elastic modulus Histological N/A Immunohistochemistry Decrease in GAGa content |
Arnoczky et al. [10] | Rat, adult, tail tendon | 7 days | Biomechanical Decrease in ultimate stress, tensile modulus and strain at ultimate stress Histological Less dense collagen fiber packing Immunohistochemistry Increase in MMP-13 expression and MMP-13 protein synthesis |
Hannafin et al. [11] | Canine, adult, mixed age and sex, flexor digitorum tendon | 8 weeks | Biomechanical Decrease in tensile modulus Histological Decrease in cellularity Cell roundness Mild increase in collagen crimps Immunohistochemistry N/A |
Lavagnino et al. [12] | Rat, 13 months old, tail tendon | 21 days | Biomechanical Decrease in ultimate tensile strength and tensile modulus Histological No change in collagen fiber density Immunohistochemistry N/A |
Wang et al. [8] | Rabbit, female, 15 weeks old, Achilles tendon | 6,12 days | Biomechanical N/A Histological Increase in cell apoptosis Day 6: increase in cell density; Day 12: decrease in cell density Cell roundness Loose collagen fibers Increase in space between collagen fibers Wavy and disoriented fibers Immunohistochemistry N/A |