Fig. 4

Numerical comparison of c_w (normalized by c₀) along the inner and outer walls of the venous graft for Cases A, B and C. a Distribution of c_w along the middle wall of the venous graft. b Percentage difference of c_w in the venous graft among the three cases, which is defined as (c_{w,Case B} − c_{w,Case A})/c_{w,Case A} or (c_{w,Case C} − c_{w,Case A})/c_{w,Case A}