Table 10 Impurities, agents to remove them and assumed reaction mechanisms
From: Processing of collagen based biomaterials and the resulting materials properties
| Unwanted adsorptive | Used agent | Removal mechanism |
|---|---|---|
| Monovalent cations | Acids (H+) | Ion exchange |
| Divalent cations | Acids (H+) | Ion exchange |
| Chelating agents | Sequestration | |
| Monovalent anions | Alkaline; chloride | Ion exchange |
| Saccharides | Alkaline treatment | Degradation |
| Enzymes | Degradation | |
| Proteins | Proteases | Degradation |
| Solvent | Exchange | |
| Surfactants (Triton X 100; CHAPS) | Exchange and dissolving | |
| Lipophilic components | Surfactants (SDS; Triton X 100) | Dissolving |
| Solvent | Dissolving | |
| Nucleic acids | Nucleases | Degradation |
| Endotoxines | Peroxide, alkaline, acid | Unknown |