Fig. 5

The clinical scores (evaluated before the first and after the 20th training session) of the participants in both clinic group and lab group: a Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) full scores, b FMA shoulder/elbow scores, c FMA wrist/hand scores, d Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scores, e Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and f Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) scores at the fingers, the wrist and the elbow, presented as mean value with 2-time SE (error bar) in each evaluation session. The solid lines are for the clinic group, and the dashed lines are for the lab group. The significant intragroup difference is indicated by “*” (p < 0.05, paired t-test), and “#” is used to indicate the significant intergroup difference (p < 0.05, independent t-test)