Table 2 Brief description of proximal humerus plates tested in the literature
Plate name | Manufacturer(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|
Proximal humerus internal locking system (PHILOS) plate | Synthes (Paoli, PA, USA); Clinical House (Dusseldorf, NRW, Germany); Stratec (Birkenfeld, BW, Germany) | Locking plate allowing insertion of mono-axial locking screws. Relatively low cross-section thickness |
AxSOS plate | Stryker (Kalamazoo, MI, USA) | Locking plate allowing insertion of mono-axial locking screws |
TIFIX plate | LITOS (Ahrensburg, SH, Germany) | Locking plate allowing insertion of mono-axial locking screws |
PERI-LOC plate | Smith and Nephew (Memphis, TN, USA) | Locking plate allowing insertion of mono-axial locking screws |
Humeral telescoping screw (HTS) plate | M.O.R.E. Medical Solutions (Rostock, MV, Germany) | Locking plate allowing insertion of mono-axial locking screws in addition to a telescoping screw |
Non-contact bridging (NCB) plate | Zimmer (Warsaw, IN, USA) | Locking plate employing polyaxial screws, instead of the common monoaxial screws |
DiPhos-H plate | Lima Corporate (San Daniele del Friuli, UD, Italy) | Locking plate manufactured from PEEK (poly-ether-ether-ketone), allowing insertion of mono-axial locking screws |
PEEKPower plate | Arthrex (Naples, FL, USA) | Locking plate manufactured from PEEK allowing insertion of mono-axial locking screws |
Spatial subchondral support (S3) plate | Depuy (Warsaw, IN, USA) | Locking plate allowing insertion of mono-axial locking screws. Placed more distally on the humeral head to reduce risk of subacromial impingement. Also allows insertion of smooth pegs and threaded pegs to avoid glenohumeral penetration of screws |
Humerus block | Synthes (Salzburg, Austria) | Semi-rigid locking plate with four telescoping fixation pins where proximal end of each pin has a telescoping mechanism to its shortening under load. Pin tips also include three curved springs that are intended to improve pins’ fixation in cancellous bone and prevent their perforation into the glenohumeral joint |
Button fix | Synthes (Solothurn, SO, Switzerland) | Semi-rigid PEEK plate with 4 threaded holes to allow insertion of 4 Kirschner wires using an aiming device |
Semitubular blade plate | Synthes (Paoli, PA, USA) | Non-locking plate with a bend at its proximal end to form a blade |
90° blade plate | Zimmer (Warsaw, IN, USA) | Non-locking plate with blade oriented at 90° |
AO T plate | Synthes (Paoli, PA, USA) | Non-locking plate with a T-shaped profile |
Cloverleaf plate | Synthes (Paoli, PA, USA) | Non-locking plate with a wide profile in contact with the humeral head |