Table 1 List of extracted audio features

Spectral centroid (SC)

Center of mass of the spectrum

1

Spectral rolloff point (SR)

Right skewness of the power spectrum

1

Spectral flux (SF)

Amount of spectral change of the signal

1

Compactness

Sum of results of fast Fourier transform over frequency bins

1

Spectral variability (SV)

Variance of the magnitude spectrum

1

Root mean square (RMS)

Power of the signal

1

Fraction of low energy windows (FLEW)

Quietness of the signal relative to the rest of the signal

1

Zero crossings (ZC)

The number of times the signal changes sign from one sample to another

1

Strongest beat (SB)

Highest bin in the beat histogram

1

Beat sum (BS)

Sum of all values in the beat histogram

1

Strength of strongest beat (SSB)

Strength of the strongest beat in the signal

1

Strongest frequency via ZC (SF-ZC)

Strongest frequency in the signal by looking at the ZC

1

Strongest frequency via SC (SF-SC)

Strongest frequency in the signal by looking at the SC

1

Strongest frequency via FFT max (SF-FFT)

Highest bin in the power spectrum

1

MFCC

Short-term power spectrum based on the nonlinear mel scale of frequency

13 (0–12)

Constant-Q based MFCC (CQ-MFCC)

MFCC that directly calculates the logarithmic frequency bins

Linear predictive coding (LPC)

Spectral envelope based on the information of a linear predictive model

10 (0–9)

Method of moments (MM)

Calculation of the first 5 statistical method of moments

5 (0–4)

Relative difference function (RDF)

Log of the derivative of the RMS

1

Area method of moments (AMoM)

Numeric quantities at some distance from a reference point or axis

10 (0–9)

AMoM of MFCC

AMoM derived with MFCC values instead of the density distribution function

10 (0–9)

AMoM of CQ-MFCC

AMoM derived with CQ-MFCC values instead of the density distribution function

10 (0–9)

AMoM of Log of CQ Transform (LCQT)

AMoM derived with Log Constant-Q Transform values instead of the density distribution function

10 (0–9)