Table 4 AEMG of agonist and antagonist required for lumbar activities during the four movements
Movement | LDH (%MV) | Healthy control (%MV) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agonist | Antagonist | Difference | Agonist | Antagonist | Difference | |
Forward bending | 62.48 ± 8.32 | 33.78 ± 4.34 | 28.70** | 69.45 ± 6.75 | 27.95 ± 3.90 | 41.50** |
Backward bending | 23.51 ± 4.45 | 70.67 ± 7.55 | − 47.15** | 28.46 ± 4.75 | 56.18 ± 6.30 | − 27.72** |
Left lateral flexion | 39.59 ± 5.81 | 52.44 ± 6.75 | − 12.84** | 46.71 ± 6.16 | 43.20 ± 5.58 | 3.50* |
Right lateral flexion | 37.06 ± 5.88 | 50.37 ± 5.64 | − 13.31** | 47.64 ± 5.83 | 41.62 ± 4.68 | 6.02** |