Skip to main content

Table 1 Summary of the published papers that simulate patient-specific LVs

From: Heart blood flow simulation: a perspective review

First author

Year

Geometry

Imaging technique

CFD methodb

Phasec

Validation resultsd

CFD Solver

Conditiona

Type

Number of case studies

Normal

Patient

Doost  [18]

2016

Normal

3D

1

–

MRI

GP

FCC

N/A

ANSYS-fluent

Su [19]

2016

Normal and PAH

3D

1

1

MRI

GP

FCC

N/A

ANSYS-fluent

Nguyen[20]

2015

Normal person and patients with diastolic dysfunction

3D

4

2

MRI

GP

FCC

Blood flow pattern is qualitatively validated using echocardiography PIV

In-house CFD solver

Muehlhausen [21]

2015

Normal

3D

1

–

MRI

GP

FCC

N/A

Coupled fluent, MpCCI, and Abaqus

Su [22]

2014

HCM

3D

1

1

MRI

GP

FCC

N/A

ANSYS-fluent 14

Su [23]

2014

Normal

2D

1

–

MRI

GP

FCC

N/A

ANSYS-fluent 14

Khalafvand [13]

2014

Before and after SVR and normal

3D

1

2

MRI

GP

FCC

N/A

ANSYS-fluent 12

Moosavi [2]

2014

Normal

3D

1

–

MRI

GP

FCC

N/A

ADINA v8.6

Seo [12]

2014

Normal

3D

1

–

CT scan

GP

FCC

N/A

N/A

Chnafa [14]

2014

Not specified

3D

1

–

MRI

GP,LES

FCC

N/A

YALES2BIO

Corsini [16]

2014

SV

3D

1

–

MRI

Multi-scale

FCC

The flow obtained from the multi-scale analysis is validated using the clinical MR and echo-Doppler data

Simnon

Vecchi [24]

2014

Normal and HLHS

3D

1

1

ECG

GP

FP

N/A

CHeart

Seo [25]

2013

Normal

3D

1

–

CT scan

GP

FCC

N/A

N/A

Mangual [7]

2013

DCM and Normal

3D

20

8

ECG

IBM

FCC

N/A

N/A

Vecchi [26]

2013

HLHS

3D

1

2

MRI

GP

FP

Myocardial shape parameters is validated using dual phase MRI

N/A

Nguyen [27]

2013

Normal

3D

1

–

MRI

GP

FCC

N/A

N/A

Le [28]

2013

Normal

3D

1

–

MRI

IBM

FP

N/A

FSI-CURVIB flow solver

Dahl [29]

2012

Normal

2D

1

–

Ultrasound

GP

FP

N/A

ANSYS-fluent 6.3.26

Lassila [30]

2012

Mild mitral regurgitation, MI and stroke

3D

–

1

MRI

GP, Multi-scale

FCC

The flow rate and pressure obtained from the multi-scale analysis are validated using a closed loop hydraulic system

Open-source LifeV code

Khalafvand [17]

2012

MI

2D

3

3

MRI

GP

FCC

N/A

ANSYS-CFX12

Khalafvand [31]

2012

Before and after SVR

3D

–

1

MRI

GP

FCC

N/A

ANSYS-CFX12

Le [32]

2012

Normal

3D

–

1

MRI

IBM

FCC

N/A

FSI-CURVIB flow solver

Mihalef [33]

2011

Normal

3D

1

–

CT scan

GP

FCC

N/A

N/A

Krittian [34]

2010

Normal

3D

1

–

MRI

GP, coupled-FSI

FCC

The flow pattern predicted by CFD simulation is qualitatively validated using a circulatory system

Coupled fluent, MpCCI, and Abaqus

Doenst [35]

2009

Before and after SVR

3D

–

1

MRI

GP

FCC

The flow pattern predicted by CFD simulation is qualitatively validated using a circulatory system

Coupled Fluent, MpCCI, and Abaqus

Schenkel [36]

2009

Normal

3D

1

–

MRI

GP

FCC

The flow pattern predicted by CFD simulation is qualitatively validated using MRI velocity mapping

Star-CD

Long [8]

2007

Normal

3D

6

–

MRI

GP

FCC

The flow pattern predicted by CFD simulation is qualitatively validated using MRI velocity mapping

ANSYS-CFX4

Liang [37]

2007

LHF and normal

3D

1

1

N/A

GP, Multi-scale

FCC

The flow obtained from multi-scale analysis is validated using echo-Doppler data

In-house C ++ code

Long [38]

2003

Normal

3D

1

–

MRI

GP

FCC

N/A

ANSYS-CFX4

Saber [39]

2001

Normal

3D

1

–

MRI

GP

FCC

N/A

STAR–CD

Saber [40]

2001

Normal

3D

1

–

MRI

GP

FCC

N/A

STAR–CD

  1. aCondition (DCM dilated cardiomyopathy, HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, HLHS hypoplastic left heart syndrome, LHD left heart failure, MI myocardial infarction, PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension, SV single ventricle, SVR surgical ventricular reconstruction)
  2. bSolution method (GP geometry-prescribed, FSI fluid-structure interaction, IBM immersed boundary method, LES large eddy simulation)
  3. cPhase (FCC full cardiac cycle, filling phase)
  4. dValidation (PIV particle image velocimetry)