Immediate and long-term efficacy of laterally-wedged insoles on persons with bilateral medial knee osteoarthritis during walking

Hsu, Wei-Chun; Jhong, You-Cai; Chen, Hao-Ling; Lin, Yi-Jia; Chen, Li-Fei; Hsieh, Lin-Fen

doi:10.1186/s12938-015-0040-6

Table 4 Joint angles and moments at the ankle

From: Immediate and long-term efficacy of laterally-wedged insoles on persons with bilateral medial knee osteoarthritis during walking

	Conditions	Evaluation time				p value
		Baseline		Follow-up		Barefoot vs. LW at Baseline	Barefoot vs. LW at Follow-up	Baseline vs. Follow-up
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Barefoot vs. LW at Baseline	Barefoot vs. LW at Follow-up	Baseline vs. Follow-up
First peak KAM
Ankle inversion(+)/eversion (−) angle (°)	Barefoot	−1.47	3.20	−4.19	3.02	0.36	0.42	0.25
Ankle inversion(+)/eversion (−) angle (°)	LW	−0.06	1.74	−3.12	0.78	0.36	0.42	0.03^†
Ankle internal rotation (+)/external rotation (−) angle (°)	Barefoot	1.03	1.08	1.63	1.46	0.96	0.21	0.25
Ankle internal rotation (+)/external rotation (−) angle (°)	LW	1.01	1.17	0.77	0.69	0.96	0.21	0.60
Ankle dorsiflexion (+)/plantarflexion (−) angle (°)	Barefoot	1.64	1.15	4.66	1.09	0.11	0.16	0.03*
Ankle dorsiflexion (+)/plantarflexion (−) angle (°)	LW	0.24	1.63	3.43	1.67	0.11	0.16	0.05
Ankle evertor (+)/invertor(−) moment (%BW*LL)	Barefoot	−0.27	0.28	−0.59	0.48	0.42	0.83	0.35
Ankle evertor (+)/invertor(−) moment (%BW*LL)	LW	−0.39	0.19	−0.55	0.28	0.42	0.83	0.05
Ankle external rotator (+)/internal rotator (−) moment (%BW*LL)	Barefoot	−1.64	0.82	−1.27	0.64	0.69	0.97	0.46
	LW	−1.45	0.81	−1.26	0.72	0.69	0.97	0.75
Ankle plantarflexor (+)/dorsiflexor (−) moment (%BW*LL)	Barefoot	4.82	1.74	4.49	1.83	0.46	0.96	0.75
Ankle plantarflexor (+)/dorsiflexor (−) moment (%BW*LL)	LW	4.01	1.98	4.54	2.09	0.46	0.96	0.12
Second peak KAM
Ankle inversion(+)/eversion (−) angle (°)	Barefoot	−0.87	3.21	−3.65	3.37	0.96	0.42	0.25
Ankle inversion(+)/eversion (−) angle (°)	LW	−0.80	2.21	−2.44	1.14	0.96	0.42	0.12
Ankle internal rotation (+)/external rotation (−) angle (°)	Barefoot	3.15	0.87	3.57	1.60	0.76	0.74	0.46
Ankle internal rotation (+)/external rotation (−) angle (°)	LW	2.94	1.40	3.28	1.36	0.76	0.74	0.60
Ankle dorsiflexion (+)/plantarflexion (−) angle (°)	Barefoot	6.41	2.22	8.59	1.64	0.78	0.28	0.17
Ankle dorsiflexion (+)/plantarflexion (−) angle (°)	LW	6.06	2.04	7.52	1.65	0.78	0.28	0.05
Ankle evertor(+)/invertor (−) moment (%BW*LL)	Barefoot	−0.53	0.47	−0.93	0.85	0.78	0.55	0.46
Ankle evertor(+)/invertor (−) moment (%BW*LL)	LW	−0.60	0.37	−0.68	0.50	0.78	0.55	0.04^†
Ankle external rotator (+)/internal rotator (−) moment (%BW*LL)	Barefoot	−4.23	1.44	−3.22	1.27	0.75	0.43	0.17
	LW	−3.98	1.50	−3.86	1.44	0.75	0.43	0.60
Ankle plantarflexor (+)/dorsiflexor (−) moment (%BW*LL)	Barefoot	12.23	1.59	11.15	3.49	0.19	0.43	0.60
Ankle plantarflexor (+)/dorsiflexor (−) moment (%BW*LL)	LW	11.16	1.01	12.51	2.26	0.19	0.43	0.35

SD standard deviation, LW laterally-wedged, LL leg length, BW body weight.
* Significant difference Baseline versus Follow-up during barefoot condition.
^†Significant difference Baseline versus Follow-up during LW condition.

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