Figure 8

Char ring created by a single internally cooled electrode with an effective area of 3 cm in length. Longitudinal (A) and cross section (B) of the coagulation obtained by a single 3 cm exposed tip internally cooled electrode at 1800 mA (maximum current) for 10 minutes without using either saline perfusion into the tissue or an impedance control algorithm (unpublished personal experiments in bovine liver ex vivo). A ring of char tissue surrounding the electrode track is clearly shown (arrows).