Figure 11From: Closed-loop real-time simulation model of hemodynamics and oxygen transport in the cardiovascular systemBlood pressure in ascending aorta with changing vascular stiffness. When increasing (lighter) Young’s elastic modulus Y systolic pressure increases and diastolic pressure decreases. The increased stiffness also results in a shorter systolic ejection due to a premature arterial recoil/reflection. The increase in afterload also results in decreasing left ventricular stroke volume despite increasing stroke work.Back to article page