Figure 1

Seeding of PHVPs. PHVPs were sutured to a Teflon® fixation unit (a) and were consecutively seeded with FBs and ECs using a 3D-rotating bioreactor (b) for 24 h at 37°C / 5% CO₂. After the dynamic seeding procedure, PHVPs were statically cultivated for 6 d (SC group) and 1 d (DC group), respectively at 37°C / 5% CO₂ in a glass container (c). Scale bars: a = 10 mm, b = 20 mm, c = 40 mm.