Classification of vasovagal syncope from physiological signals on tilt table testing

Table 4 Performance evaluation with state-of-the-artwork

Authors	Results (%)	Selected features	Sample size
1. Ciliberti, M. A. P., et al. 2018 [18]	Sensitivity: 87.5 Specificity: 72.2 PPV: 75.0 NPV: 89.0	HRV, VLF, LF, HF, LF/HF ratio	26 (all pos)
2. M. Kwok et al. 2020 [19]	Sensitivity: 82.6 Specificity: 76.8 Accuracy: 78.9	HR, CO, SV, TPR, SBP, DBP, HRV, BPV	128 (46 pos and 82 con)
3. Carmody et al. 2020 [20]	Sensitivity: 58.8 Specificity: 63.3 Accuracy: 80.2 ROC(AUC):83.2	SBP-5 s%, SBP-20 s%, HR-%I, CO- %I, SV-B2SS	101 (34 pos, 30 neg and 37 con)
4. He, Z., et al. 2021 [21]	Sensitivity: 86.0 Specificity: 82.0 ROC(AUC): 94.0	HR, RRI, SBP, DBP, MBP, LVET, TPR, CO, SV	203 (128 pos, 75 neg)
5. S. Hussain et al. 2022 [22]	Sensitivity: 97.6 Specificity: 92.7 Precision: 92.2 F1 score: 94.9 Accuracy: 98.9 ROC(AUC):98.3	HR, SV, CO, CI, SI, RRI, TPR, TPRI, DBP, MBP, SBP	687 (96 pos and 591 neg)
6. Proposed	Sensitivity: 87.0 Specificity: 92.7 Precision: 88.6 F1 score: 87.8 Accuracy: 90.5 ROC(AUC):95.4	CV_SBPV, CV_DBPV, LFnu_SBPV	137 (54 pos and 83 neg)

neg, test negative; con, control (healthy subject); POS, test positive; PPS, psychogenic pseudosyncope; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; RRI, R–R interval; HR, heart rate; HRV, hear rate variability; MBP, mean blood pressure; SV, stroke volume; CO, cardiac output; TPR, total peripheral resistance; LVET, left ventricular ejection time; SBPV, SBP variability; DBPV, DBP variability; SI, stroke Index; TPRI, total peripheral resistance index; (SBP-5 s%, SBP-20 s%), the percentage change in SBP from baseline at 5 s and 20 s post-stand; (HR-%I, CO- %I), the percentage increase from baseline of heart rate and CO and; (SV-B2SS), the percentage difference in SV from baseline to steady state; CV, coefficient of variance; LFnu, low-frequency normalized unit; HF, high frequency; VLF, very high frequency

ISSN: 1475-925X