Study | Method | Eyeball | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sponsel et al. [30] | Eyeball impacting | Porcine | Lens dislocation and choroidal detachment (2Â J), anterior lens dislocation (4Â J), iris and ciliary body root detachment (7Â J), eyeball rupture (10Â J) | |
Porcine | 50% risk of eye injury: corneal contusion (1503Â J/m2), lens dislocation (19,194Â J/m2), hyphema (20,188Â J/m2), retinal injury (30,351Â J/m2), eye rupture (23,771Â J/m2) | |||
Kennedy et al. [33] | Human eyeball | 50% risk of injury | Ocular rupture (35,519Â J/m2) | |
Porcine | Ocular rupture (71,145Â J/m2) | |||
Marshall et al. [34] | Porcine | Corneal rupture (45,500Â J/m2) |