From: Thermodynamic phase plane analysis of ventricular contraction and relaxation
Normal | Impaired Relaxation | Heart Failure | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
κ | degrees | 50.8 ± 11.7 | 56.4 ± 12.0 | 69.6 ± 7.8a |
bκ (×103) | mmHg.ml/s | 108.4 ± 51.3 | 148.0 ± 90.9 | 188.0 ± 35.9 |
ρ | degrees | -25.9 ± 8.5 | -22.5 ± 9.9 | -14.6 ± 10.4 |
bρ (×103) | mmHg.ml/s | -13.5 ± 3.8 | -10.4 ± 4.2 | 12.1 ± 6.2b,c |
δ | degrees | 76.6 ± 15.7 | 78.8 ± 13.5 | 89.8 ± 9.1 |