| Natural shoulder (NS) | Reverse shoulder prosthesis (RSP) | Dual-bearing shoulder prosthesis (DBSP) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Force (N) | Activation | Force (N) | % Change from NS | Activation | Force (N) | % Change from NS | Activation |
ABD | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Anterior deltoid | 136.3 | 0.27 | 121.7 | − 11 | 0.24 | 116.5 | − 15 | 0.23 |
Middle deltoid | 292.4 | 0.25 | 299.4 |  + 2 | 0.25 | 396.8 |  + 36 | 0.33 |
Posterior deltoid | 330 | 0.20 | 156.5 | − 53 | 0.10 | 107.9 | − 67 | 0.07 |
Supraspinatus | 56.1 | 0.09 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Infraspinatus | 95.4 | 0.07 | 152.7 |  + 60 | 0.11 | 130.2 |  + 36 | 0.09 |
Teres minor | 36.6 | 0.07 | 118 |  + 222 | 0.24 | 68.9 |  + 88 | 0.14 |
Subscapularis | 213.6 | 0.15 | 205 | − 4 | 0.14 | 58.6 | − 73 | 0.04 |
JRF | 1054.0 |  | 1142.2 |  + 8 |  | 957.5 | − 9 |  |
SCP | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Anterior deltoid | 126.7 | 0.25 | 143.3 | 13 | 0.28 | 146.4 | 16 | 0.29 |
Middle deltoid | 227.1 | 0.19 | 265.5 | 17 | 0.22 | 370.4 | 63 | 0.31 |
Posterior deltoid | 281.8 | 0.17 | 195.2 | − 31 | 0.12 | 137.2 | − 51 | 0.08 |
Supraspinatus | 53.4 | 0.09 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Infraspinatus | 220.9 | 0.15 | 255.9 | 16 | 0.18 | 259.5 | 17 | 0.18 |
Teres minor | 38.6 | 0.08 | 139.5 | 261 | 0.28 | 80.7 | 109 | 0.16 |
Subscapularis | 40.2 | 0.03 | 19.8 | − 51 | 0.01 | 14.7 | − 63 | 0.01 |
JRF | 1031.6 | Â | 1176.8 | 14 | Â | 1095 | 6 | Â |
IR | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Anterior deltoid | 110.2 | 0.22 | 113.9 | 3 | 0.23 | 130.4 | 18 | 0.26 |
Middle deltoid | 187.4 | 0.16 | 277.2 | 48 | 0.23 | 307.4 | 64 | 0.26 |
Posterior deltoid | 19.2 | 0.01 | 30.9 | 61 | 0.02 | 43.1 | 124 | 0.03 |
Supraspinatus | 50.2 | 0.08 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Infraspinatus | 374.8 | 0.26 | 338 | − 10 | 0.24 | 392.3 | 5 | 0.27 |
Teres minor | 180.3 | 0.36 | 162.5 | − 10 | 0.33 | 117.6 | − 35 | 0.24 |
Subscapularis | 110.7 | 0.08 | 19.9 | − 82 | 0.01 | 14.5 | − 87 | 0.01 |
JRF | 827.6 | Â | 935.9 | 13 | Â | 946.3 | 14 | Â |
ER | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Anterior deltoid | 122.7 | 0.24 | 112.4 | − 8 | 0.22 | 133.7 | 9 | 0.26 |
Middle deltoid | 157.8 | 0.13 | 292.4 | 85 | 0.25 | 309.9 | 96 | 0.26 |
Posterior deltoid | 17.9 | 0.01 | 39 | 118 | 0.02 | 44.4 | 148 | 0.03 |
Supraspinatus | 49.6 | 0.08 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Infraspinatus | 369.3 | 0.26 | 329.3 | − 11 | 0.23 | 392.4 | 6 | 0.27 |
Teres minor | 171.3 | 0.34 | 151.6 | − 12 | 0.31 | 108.4 | − 37 | 0.22 |
Subscapularis | 111.6 | 0.08 | 16.2 | − 85 | 0.01 | 14.6 | − 87 | 0.01 |
JRF | 779.5 | Â | 935 | 20 | Â | 982.5 | 26 | Â |