Fig. 4

TRAP and ALP staining of periodontal tissues measured by AuNPs combined with hBD3. a TRAP staining images (red arrows indicate osteoclasts that were dyed red) (× 400). b ALP staining images (× 400). The corresponding quantitative analysis of the osteoclast number (c) and ALP expression (d) in periodontal tissues. ^***P < 0.001, compared with the NaCl + ligation group. ^#P < 0.05, ^###P < 0.001