Fig. 8

Morphology of the rBMSCs cocultured with the four scaffolds and fold changes in osteogenic-related gene expression in rBMSCs cultured on the four scaffolds. Morphologies of the rBMSCs cocultured with SHA, SMHA, SSHA, and SMSHA for 3 days (a1–d1) and 7 days (a2–d2) (10 ×), respectively; arrows indicate the filopodia. The changes in expression of COL1, BMP2, Runx2, ALP, and VEGF in rBMSCs cultured on the four scaffolds (e–i) compared with GAPDH (j) (n = 3, * P < 0.05, # P > 0.05 compared with SHA or 14 d compared with 7 d of each scaffold)