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Fig. 3 | BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Fig. 3

From: New epiretinal implant with integrated sensor chips for optical capturing shows a good biocompatibility profile in vitro and in vivo

Fig. 3

Direct contact analysis and gene expression in R28 cells. a, b Results of flexible polyimide bases, c and d results of sensor chips. a, c The left graph shows the normalized total R28 cell number for flexible polyimide base and sensor chip, respectively. The right graph presents the quantity of dead cells of the total cell number for flexible polyimide base and sensor chip, respectively. For each substrate, 3 to 6 randomly selected image sections (original magnification, ×100) were analyzed. The total cell amount was normalized to the total cell amount on glass. The results were compared to glass. Bars were calculated as mean ± SD (unpaired t-test; *p < 0.05, ns no significance; flexible polyimide bases: n = 5; sensor chips: n = 8). b, d Real-time PCR was performed with cDNA templates of R28 cells to quantify the expression of different genes involved in the cell cycle and representing neuronal/glial and retinal markers. Using the comparative CT (2−ΔΔCT) method, the relative gene expression ratio of cells cultivated on glass was set to 1. Regarding cultivation on the different test structures, values > 1 denote upregulation and values < 1 denote downregulation of gene expression. Each column represents the median, maximum, minimum, and the 50th percentile of the data for 4 distinct LightCycler runs (one sample two-tailed t-test; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; white bars: retinal marker; light grey bars: neuronal marker; dark grey bars: cell cycle/oncogenes; n = 4 individual experiments)

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