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Table 1 The effect of lead exposure on the properties of electrical impedance spectra of mice blood

From: Effects of lead exposure on blood electrical impedance spectroscopy of mice

Parameters

Symbol/unit

Control (n = 10)

Experimental (n = 10)

Rate of change (%)

Low-frequency limit of real part of impedance

\(Z^{\prime}_{0}\)/Ω m

2.58 ± 0.33

2.02 ± 0.17***

− 21.80

High-frequency limit of real part of impedance

\(Z^{\prime}_{\infty }\)/Ω m

1.05 ± 0.12

0.94 ± 0.05*

− 10.48

Real-part increment of electrical impedance

Z/Ω m

1.54 ± 0.22

1.08 ± 0.16***

− 29.87

Impedance amplitude at low frequency

|Z|0/Ω m

2.58 ± 0.33

2.03 ± 0.17***

− 21.32

Impedance amplitude at high frequency

|Z|/Ω m

1.12 ± 0.12

1.00 ± 0.05*

− 10.71

Impedance amplitude increment

∆|Z|/Ω m

1.54 ± 0.22

1.08 ± 0.16***

− 29.87

Logarithm of low-frequency impedance amplitude

log|Z|0/Ω m

0.41 ± 0.05

0.30 ± 0.04***

− 33.33

Peak of imaginary part of impedance

\(Z^{\prime\prime}_{{\text{p}}}\)/Ω m

− 0.51 ± 0.08

− 0.34 ± 0.07***

− 26.83

Peak of phase angle (deg)

θp/deg

− 15.94 ± 0.85

− 13.23 ± 1.96**

− 17.00

Peak of phase angle (rad)

θp/rad

− 0.28 ± 0.01

− 0.23 ± 0.03**

− 17.86

The 1st characteristic frequency

f1/MHz

1.76 ± 0.12

2.25 ± 0.52*

27.84

The 2nd characteristic frequency

f2/MHz

2.81 ± 0.23

4.96 ± 2.47*

76.51

Characteristic frequency

f0/MHz

2.22 ± 0.15

3.30 ± 1.12*

48.65

  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared with the control group