From: Effects of lead exposure on blood electrical impedance spectroscopy of mice
Parameters | Symbol/unit | Control (n = 10) | Experimental (n = 10) | Rate of change (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Low-frequency limit of real part of impedance | \(Z^{\prime}_{0}\)/Ω m | 2.58 ± 0.33 | 2.02 ± 0.17*** | − 21.80 |
High-frequency limit of real part of impedance | \(Z^{\prime}_{\infty }\)/Ω m | 1.05 ± 0.12 | 0.94 ± 0.05* | − 10.48 |
Real-part increment of electrical impedance | ∆Z/Ω m | 1.54 ± 0.22 | 1.08 ± 0.16*** | − 29.87 |
Impedance amplitude at low frequency | |Z|0/Ω m | 2.58 ± 0.33 | 2.03 ± 0.17*** | − 21.32 |
Impedance amplitude at high frequency | |Z|∞/Ω m | 1.12 ± 0.12 | 1.00 ± 0.05* | − 10.71 |
Impedance amplitude increment | ∆|Z|/Ω m | 1.54 ± 0.22 | 1.08 ± 0.16*** | − 29.87 |
Logarithm of low-frequency impedance amplitude | log|Z|0/Ω m | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.30 ± 0.04*** | − 33.33 |
Peak of imaginary part of impedance | \(Z^{\prime\prime}_{{\text{p}}}\)/Ω m | − 0.51 ± 0.08 | − 0.34 ± 0.07*** | − 26.83 |
Peak of phase angle (deg) | θp/deg | − 15.94 ± 0.85 | − 13.23 ± 1.96** | − 17.00 |
Peak of phase angle (rad) | θp/rad | − 0.28 ± 0.01 | − 0.23 ± 0.03** | − 17.86 |
The 1st characteristic frequency | f1/MHz | 1.76 ± 0.12 | 2.25 ± 0.52* | 27.84 |
The 2nd characteristic frequency | f2/MHz | 2.81 ± 0.23 | 4.96 ± 2.47* | 76.51 |
Characteristic frequency | f0/MHz | 2.22 ± 0.15 | 3.30 ± 1.12* | 48.65 |