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Table 1 Demographic information and questionnaire scores of the LGD and HGD groups

From: Extended classifier system with continuous real-coded variables for feature extraction of instantaneous pulse-rate variability and respiration of individuals with gaming disorder

Characteristic

LGD (n = 17)

HGD (n = 7)

p-value

Gender (men, women)

13, 4

6, 1

0.62

Age

23 ± 3

22 ± 1

0.58

IGDQ

0.94 ± 1.20

6.57 ± 1.51

 < 0.001

CIAS

57.24 ± 4.35

78.71 ± 10.23

 < 0.001

Stimulus 1

SAM_valence

6.59 ± 1.33

7.29 ± 0.76

0.21

 

SAM_arousal

4.18 ± 2.35

5.71 ± 2.50

0.14

 

DEQ_happiness

3.82 ± 1.74

5.86 ± 2.61

0.09

 

DEQ_surprise

2.35 ± 1.77

3.86 ± 3.08

0.35

 

DEQ_anger

1.41 ± 1.23

2.43 ± 1.81

0.11

 

DEQ_sadness

1.29 ± 0.99

2.29 ± 1.98

0.23

 

DEQ_disgust

1.29 ± 1.21

1.14 ± 0.38

0.80

 

DEQ_fear

1.00 ± 0.00

1.43 ± 1.13

0.62

Stimulus 2

SAM_valence

4.65 ± 1.22

5.14 ± 1.77

0.58

 

SAM_arousal

6.59 ± 1.77

6.29 ± 1.98

0.70

 

DEQ_happiness

2.82 ± 1.70

3.14 ± 2.04

0.80

 

DEQ_surprise

5.12 ± 1.45

5.86 ± 2.54

0.49

 

DEQ_anger

1.29 ± 0.85

2.00 ± 1.00

0.13

 

DEQ_sadness

2.00 ± 1.46

1.57 ± 0.79

0.85

 

DEQ_disgust

5.65 ± 2.26

4.86 ± 3.34

0.62

 

DEQ_fear

5.18 ± 2.24

4.00 ± 2.31

0.26

  1. CIAS: Chen Internet Addiction Scale; DEQ: Discrete Emotions Questionnaire; HGD: high-risk gaming disorder; IGDQ: Internet Gaming Disorder Questionnaire; LGD: low-risk gaming disorder; SAM: Self-Assessment Manikin; p value for Mann–Whitney U test comparing LGD and HGD