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Fig. 10 | BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Fig. 10

From: How muscle stiffness affects human body model behavior

Fig. 10

Resultant forces and injury probabilities for the hip and knee region dependent on muscle stiffness. Peak impact force between the THUMS skin and the seat bottom (a) and the THUMS skin and knee bolster (c) are shown over time. For ‘Myers’, passive strain-rate-dependent data [25] were incorporated into all volumetric muscle and soft tissues of THUMS, which includes the volumetric tissue surrounding the knee in contrast to the other stiffness simulations. Injury risk for the hip (b) and the knee (d) during frontal impact for different muscle stiffnesses are shown. Maximum contact force values from images a and c are plotted. The injury risk curve was developed by Rupp et al. [52] based on frontal impact testing of isolated pelvis and lower extremity complexes

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