Fig. 7

Endomicroscopy 2PF redox imaging of a mouse kidney ischemia–reperfusion model in vivo. Top row a–c 2PF intensity images from the NADH detection channel (417–477 nm); middle row d–f 2PF intensity images from the FAD detection channel (496–665 nm); bottom row g–i 2PF intensity images color-coded by the measured optical redox ratio defined as FAD/(FAD + NADH), where more reddish (greenish) color corresponds to an increased (reduced) concentration of NADH and thus a reduced (increased) redox ratio. The dark round-to-elliptical spots scattered along the renal tubule wall (dashed squares) correspond to the nuclei of renal tubular cells. Each column corresponds to one specific time point: normal (left), 2 min 30 s post-ischemia (center), and 3 min 05 s post-reperfusion (right). 2PF, two-photon fluorescence; Scale bar = 10 μm. Adapted with permission from Ref. [115].