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Table 4 Results of the RFA for different values of applied voltage on a 4-cm spherical zone in case of non-doped tissue (ND) and two types of dopants: saline solution (0.9% NaCl) and AuNPs (0.01 wt%)

From: Radiofrequency ablation combined with conductive fluid-based dopants (saline normal and colloidal gold): computer modeling and ex vivo experiments

Dopant

Zi (Ω)

50 V

70 V

90 V

t100-Ω

B

A

t100-Ω

B

A

t100-Ω

B

A

ND

87.7

440

2.7

4.4

94.5

1.6

3.8

31.5

1.0

3.7

NaCl

          

1%

81.4

400

2.7

4.4

87

1.6

3.9

30

1.2

3.6

2%

76

367

2.6

4.4

80

1.7

3.9

29

1.2

3.6

5%

64

306

2.5

4.3

66

1.7

3.9

25.5

1.2

3.6

10%

52

269

2.5

4.4

55

1.7

3.8

22.5

1.2

3.4

AuNPs

          

1%

69

327

2.5

4.4

71

1.7

3.9

27

1.2

3.6

2%

58

287

2.5

4.4

60

1.7

3.9

23.5

1.2

3.6

5%

42

245

2.5

4.4

50.5

1.6

3.8

20.5

1.2

3.6

10%

31.9

265

2.6

4.9

54.5

1.7

3.9

21.5

1.2

3.6

  1. Zi: initial impedance; t100-Ω: time until roll-off (in s); B and A: transverse and axial diameters (in cm) of the coagulation zone, respectively. The different values of concentration (from 1 to 10% are volume fraction)