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Table 3 Results of the RFA for different values of applied voltage on a 3-cm spherical zone in case of non-doped tissue (ND) and two types of dopants: saline solution (0.9% NaCl) and AuNPs (0.01 wt%)

From: Radiofrequency ablation combined with conductive fluid-based dopants (saline normal and colloidal gold): computer modeling and ex vivo experiments

Dopant

Zi (Ω)

50 V

70 V

90 V

t100-Ω

B

A

t100-Ω

B

A

t100-Ω

B

A

ND

87.7

465.5

2.7

4.4

94.5

1.6

3.8

31.5

1.0

3.7

NaCl

          

1%

82.5

438

2.6

4.4

92

1.8

3.9

32

1.2

3.8

2%

78

421.5

2.7

4.5

90

1.8

4.0

31.5

1.2

3.8

5%

67.7

392

2.7

4.6

86.5

1.8

4.2

30

1.2

3.8

10%

57

382

3.1

4.8

87

1.8

4.2

30.5

1.3

3.9

AuNPs

          

1%

71.7

402

2.7

4.5

88

1.8

4.1

30.5

1.3

3.7

2%

62

385

3.0

4.8

86.5

1.8

4.2

30

1.3

3.8

5%

47.6

399.5

3.0

4.8

97.8

1.9

4.3

34

1.3

4.0

10%

38

468

4.5

5.5

126.5

2.5

4.8

43.5

1.7

4.2

  1. Zi: initial impedance; t100-Ω: time until roll-off (in s); B and A: transverse and axial diameters (in cm) of the coagulation zone, respectively. The different values of concentration (from 1 to 10% are volume fraction)