Table 1 Characteristics and glycometabolism status of the subjects

Sex (male/female)

439/500

137/171

149/163

153/166

Age

62 (53, 71)

43 (34, 59)

66 (59, 72)^a

69 (61, 75)^a,b

BMI (kg/m²)

24.4(23.4, 26.8)

23.1 (21.4, 25.0)

25.0 (22.9, 27.3)^a

25.7 (23.3, 28.0)^a,b

Systolic pressure (mmHg)

135 (123, 149)

124 (116, 133)

139 (128, 155)^a

143 (132, 158)^a,b

Diastolic pressure (mmHg)

76.8 ± 10.1

77.3 ± 9.9

76.6 ± 11.0^a

76.7 ± 9.4

Fasting blood glucose (mmoL/L)

5.7 (5.1, 6.6)

5.3 (5.0, 5.5)

5.8 (5.5, 6.1)^a

6.7 (6.0, 7.8)^a,b

2 h-OGTT PG (mmoL/L)

8.4 (5.8, 11.9)

5.3 (4.5, 6.0)

8.6 (8.0, 9.7)^a

13.7 (11.9, 16.2)^a,b

HbA1c (%)

5.8 (5.4, 6.4)

5.3 (5.0, 5.5)

5.8 (5.5, 6.1)^a

6.7 (6.0, 7.8)^a,b

Conductance value

 Hands–feet

73.9 (58.5, 81.3)

80.9 (75.3, 85.5)

70.5 (56.8, 78.4)^a,c

65.0 (43.5, 76.9)^a,b,c,d

 Hands

74.2 (59.2, 81.2)

80.7 (75.2, 86.6)

70.4 (57.2, 78.5)^a,c

65.8 (44.8, 76.8)^a,b,c,e

 Feet

73.7 (57.9, 80.8)

79.8 (74.6, 85.6)

70.5 (55.8, 77.3)^a,c

63.1 (44.0, 76.6)^a,b,c,e