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Table 2 Resistive MW of ventilation (cmH2O.L) assuming different flow waveforms, i.e., decelerating, square and sinusoidal, with three levels of tidal volumes

From: The effects of pressure- versus volume-controlled ventilation on ventilator work of breathing

Inspiratory flow waveform

VT = 0.5 L

VT = 1 L

VT = 2 L

Decelerating

Total 2.81

ETT 1.32

Tissues 0.89

Airways 0.60

Total 14.55

ETT 8.60

Tissues 3.43

Airways 2.52

Total 84.72

ETT 59.88

Tissues 13.27

Airways 11.57

Square

Total 2.31

ETT 1.01

Tissues 0.78

Airways 0.52

Total 12.64

ETT 7.20

Tissues 3.16

Airways 2.28

Total 77.70

ETT 54.21

Tissues 12.65

Airways 10.84

Sinusoidal

Total 3.20

ETT 1.57

Tissues 0.97

Airways 0.66

Total 18.39

ETT 11.50

Tissues 3.90

Airways 2.99

Total 118.18

ETT 87.77

Tissues 15.62

Airways 14.79

  1. For the volumes below 1 L, the smallest resistive work is obtained by square flow, while the sinusoidal flow has the smallest resistive work for volumes equal or higher than 1 L