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Table 2 Lower limb function neuroprostheses: standing and drop foot assistance

From: Functional electrical stimulation therapy for restoration of motor function after spinal cord injury and stroke: a review

Function

Name

Target population

Number of channels

Orthosis use

Surface/implanted/percutaneous

FDA/CE approval

Control interface

Standing

Case Western Reserve University/Department of Veteran Affairs (CWRU-VA) Neuroprosthesis for Standing [17]

SCI

16

AFO

Implanted

  

Walking with drop foot assistance

Odstock [22]

Stroke

1

 

Surface

FDA

Foot switch

STIMuSTEP [23]

Stroke

2

 

Implanted

CE

Foot switch

ActiGait [24]

Stroke

4

 

Implanted

CE

Foot switch

NESS L300 [25]

Stroke

1

 

Surface

FDA/CE

Foot switch (force-sensitive resistor placed inside the shoe)

Walk-aided foot drop stimulator [26]

Stroke

1

 

Surface

FDA

Tilt sensor or heel sensor

  1. SCI spinal cord injury; AFO ankle–foot orthosis, FDA Federal Drug Administration, CE Conformité Européene